Synergistic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and various antibiotics combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinically isolated bacterial strains

Therapeutic potentials of aivlosin and/or zinc oxide nanoparticles against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale with a special reference to the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on aivlosin tissue residues: an in vivo approach

“…Owing to the available limited data for the combination of ZnO-NPs with aivlosin, our data suggest that their synergistic effect would be possible due to the formation of complexes of Zn 2+ ions, which were released from ZnO-NPs surface with aivlosin increasing its antibacterial activity. Additionally, ZnO-NPs could hinder the efflux transporters leading to an increase in the efficacy of aivlosin against the investigated pathogens as previously documented ( Fadwa et al., 2021b ). Future studies are warranted to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of ZnO-NPs and aivlosin concurrently.…”

“…It is worth noting that this combination also exhibited a remarkable correction in the clinical picture of MG and/or ORT experimental infections in chickens indicating that the use of aivlosin/ZnO-NPs treatment is successful in combating these clinical infections in the field. A recent study investigated the synergistic effects of ZnO-NPs and various antibiotics combinations against some Gram negative clinically bacterial isolates ( Fadwa et al., 2021a , Fadwa et al., 2021b ,). This success could be attributed to the combination of both therapies with their different modes of actions.…”

“…The interaction between the investigated compounds was assessed via calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) according to the following equation: FICI = MIC of aivlosin in combination/MIC of aivlosin alone + MIC of ZnO-NPs in combination/MIC of ZnO-NPs alone. The results were interpreted as following: synergism (FICI ≤ 0.5), additivity (0.5 < FICI ≤ 1), indifference (1 < FICI ≤ 4) and antagonism (FICI > 4) ( Fadwa et al., 2021a , Fadwa et al., 2021b ).…”

Combined With Mefloquine, Resurrect Colistin Active in Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo

“…The time-kill assay was performed to further evaluate the synergistic effect of mefloquine and colistin (Fadwa et al, 2021), with some minor modifications. Four groups were established, namely the control group (without drug), colistin monotherapy group, mefloquine monotherapy group, and combined group.…”

“…The 50-mL centrifuge tube was then shaken at 200 rpm at 37 • C. The bacterial counts were enumerated on LB agar plates at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. According to the growth rate of bacteria, appropriate dilution concentration was prepared, and 100 µL of the bacterial suspension was taken at each time point for counting purpose. The bactericidal action was defined as a ≥ 3 log 10 reduction in CFU/mL at 24 h. The synergistic effect was defined as a ≥ 2 log 10 reduction in CFU/mL for the combination in comparison to its most active agent after 24 h (Fadwa et al, 2021). All studies were conducted in duplicate.…”