Synergistic Effects of Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties of Polyimide Composite Films Reinforced with WO₃ Nanorods

Abstract

In this study, WO 3 nanorods are directly blended with polyamic acid (PAA) solutions to improve the electrochromic capacity of WO 3 /PAA composite films. Specifically, the hexagonal WO 3 nanorods are prepared as inorganic reinforcements using a hydrothermal method and modified by 𝜸-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. After curing at 300 °C, the WO 3 nanorods/polyimide (PI) composite films demonstrate excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength of the 1 wt% WO 3 /PI composite film is ≈110.27 MPa. The thermal stability of the 5 wt% WO 3 /PI composite film is better than that of the others, and the T 5 (5% thermal weight loss temperature) value is ≈560.05 °C. Moreover, the WO 3 /PAA composite films demonstrate electrochromic behaviors. The electrochromic range of the 5 wt% WO 3 /PAA composite film exceeds to 68%. For the WO 3 /PAA samples, the oxidation peak of the WO 3 nanorods is evident in the cyclic voltammetry curves. The color contrast of WO 3 /PI nanocomposites can be enhanced owing to the significant synergistic effects of the electron donor-acceptor system.

Revealing the reinforcing effect of a nanorod network on a polymer matrix through molecular dynamics simulations

“…Various strategies have been proposed to optimize NR dispersion and adjust the NR spatial distribution, and thus improve the mechanical properties of the corresponding PNCs. 10–14…”

“…Various strategies have been proposed to optimize NR dispersion and adjust the NR spatial distribution, and thus improve the mechanical properties of the corresponding PNCs. [10][11][12][13][14] Grafting small molecules onto the surface of NRs is the most widely used strategy to increase NR-polymer interaction, and thus regulate the dispersion of NRs in polymer matrices. [15][16][17] It is known that NRs can immobilize neighboring polymer chains and form bound rubber; well-dispersed NRs realized in higher NR-polymer interaction provide a greater exposed surface area, which can increase the content of bound rubber.…”

Preparation and properties of branch‐leaf‐like polyimide composite films with high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss

“…1,2 Components generate a lot of heat while operation and if they are not dissipated quickly, the life of the electronic equipment will be greatly affected. [4][5][6][7][8] Polyimide is frequently utilized in thin films in contemporary communication applications due to its superior dielectric, mechanical and electrical insulating properties, but its inherent low thermal conductivity, typically below 0.2 W/mK, greatly limits its further applications. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Therefore, the manufacture of polyimide dielectric encapsulation materials with good thermal conductivity is important to effectively promote its use in the communications sector.…”

“…The requirement for heat dissipation in the B5G communication era is increasing due to the high packaging density 1,2 . Components generate a lot of heat while operation and if they are not dissipated quickly, the life of the electronic equipment will be greatly affected 4–8 . Polyimide is frequently utilized in thin films in contemporary communication applications due to its superior dielectric, mechanical and electrical insulating properties, but its inherent low thermal conductivity, typically below 0.2 W/mK, greatly limits its further applications 9–14 .…”

Structural, mechanical, and thermal features of PVA/starch/graphene oxide nanocomposite enriched with WO3 as gamma–ray radiation shielding materials for medical applications

“…51 The WO 3 addition has no apparent effect on the chemical composition of PVA/starch/GO nanocomposite; this result is similar to previously reported literature. 52 The morphology of the filler particles and sample surfaces were investigated using SEM pictures to understand the distribution and dispersion of WO 3 particles inside the nanocomposites.…”