Synergistic effects of atenolol and amlodipine for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats1

Shen, Fu‐Ming; Xie, He-Hui; Ling, Gang; Xu, Liping; Su, Ding‐Feng

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00185.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The right renal artery was isolated through a flank incision, and a silver clip (0.2 mm internal gap) was placed on the renal artery, as described previously [15]. Sham-operated rats that underwent the same surgical procedure except for placement of the renal artery clip served as controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2012

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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BackgroundInflammation processes are important participants in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The role of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in inflammation has recently been identified. Our previous study has demonstrated that the α7nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is impaired systemically in the genetic model of hypertension. In this work, we investigated the changes of α7nAChR expression in a model of secondary hypertension.MethodsThe 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat model was used. Blood pressure, vagus nerve function, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and both the mRNA and protein levels of α7nAChR in tissues from heart, kidney and aorta were measured at 4, 8 and 20 weeks after surgery.ResultsCompared with age-matched control, it was found that vagus nerve function was significantly decreased in 2K1C rats with the development of hypertension. Serum levels of TNF-α were greater in 2K1C rats than in age-matched control at 4, 8 and 20 weeks. α7nAChR mRNA in the heart was not altered in 2K1C rats. In the kidney of 2K1C rats, α7nAChR expression was significantly decreased at 8 and 20 weeks, but markedly increased at 4 weeks. α7nAChR mRNA was less in aorta of 2K1C rats than in age-matched control at 4, 8 and 20 weeks. These findings were confirmed at the protein levels of α7nAChR.ConclusionsOur results suggested that secondary hypertension may induce α7nAChR downregulation, and the decreased expression of α7nAChR may contribute to inflammation in 2K1C hypertension.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2012

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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“…At cellular level, several changes in the energy metabolism, actin-myosin crossbridge cycle and protein expression were identified in renovascular hypertensive rats [131]. In addition, the paramount role of activation of the RAAS [73,150] and the sympathetic nervous system [32,270] has been thoroughly studied. In the one-kidney model, no compensatory increase in sodium and water excretion can occur, and hence, fluid volume is retained, which means this model is thus a sodium-fluid volume-dependent model.…”

Section: K1c Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent models of heart failure: an updated review

et al. 2012

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Heart failure (HF) is one of the major health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. The study of HF requires reliable animal models to study the chronic changes and pharmacologic interventions in myocardial structure and function and to follow its progression toward HF. Indeed, during the past 40 years, basic and translational scientists have used small animal models to understand the pathophysiology of HF and find more efficient ways of preventing and managing patients suffering from congestive HF (CHF). Each species and each animal model has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of one model over another should take them into account for a good experimental design. The aim of this review is to describe and highlight the advantages and drawbacks of some commonly used HF rodents models, including both non-genetically and genetically engineered models, with a specific subchapter concerning diastolic HF models.

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“…Several works within our Department (Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China) have demonstrated that there is significant synergism between atenolol and amlodipine in lowering and stabilizing blood pressure. For an acute setting, the synergistic effect is at its highest when the dose proportion of the 2 drugs is 10:1 in hypertensive rats [8,9] . A number of reports have shown that the combination therapy of antihypertension has overt effects on organ protection in hypertensive rats [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combination therapy with atenolol and amlodipine on blood pressure control and stroke prevention in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

et al. 2007

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Aim: To test the effects of atenolol and amlodipine, either alone or in combination, on blood pressure, blood pressure variability (BPV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and the prevalence of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). Methods: In the first set of the study, 24 8-month-old, female SHR-SP rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Blood pressure, heart period, and BRS were determined before and after the intragastric administration of atenolol (10 mg/kg) and amlodipine (1.0 mg/kg), either alone or in combination. In the second set of the study, 40 male and 40 female rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 groups: control, atenolol (10 mg·kg ), and both (10 male and 10 female in each group). The stroke incident and survival time were recorded. Results: Atenolol and amlodipine, either alone or in combination, significantly decreased blood pressure, with the exception of the amlodipine-induced effect on diastolic blood pressure. Meanwhile, only the combination treatment significantly decreased the BPV levels for the same period. The q-values calculated by the probability sum analysis were 1.17 and 2.67 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, and were 2.48 and 2.10 for systolic and diastolic BPV, respectively, following administration. Neither drug exhibited any significant effect on BRS. Atenolol and amlodipine, either alone or in combination, significantly increased the lifespan of SHR-SP, with the best effect elicited by the combination therapy. Conclusion: A significant synergism exists between atenolol and amlodipine in lowering and stabilizing blood pressure in SHR-SP. Combination therapy may be an optimal strategy for the prevention of stroke in hypertension. Key wordsstroke; hypertension; stroke-prone; spont a ne ou sl yhy per t ensi ve r a t s ; a t eno l ol ; amlodipine; blood pressure; blood pressure variability

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Synergistic effects of atenolol and amlodipine for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats1

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Downregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats

Downregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats

Rodent models of heart failure: an updated review

Effects of combination therapy with atenolol and amlodipine on blood pressure control and stroke prevention in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

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