Synergistic Effect of TiS3 and Ti3C2Tx MXene for Temperature-Tunable p-/n-Type Gas Sensing

Loes, Michael J.; Bagheri, Saman; Воробьева, Н. С.; Abourahma, Jehad; Sinitskii, Alexander

doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c00788

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…[ 31 ] Some types of MXene have semiconductor characteristics, which can be utilized to explore the preparation of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors. At present, there are some reports on MXene‐based heterojunctions in gas sensors, [ 33–36 ] but there are few reports on flexible pressure sensing sensors based on MXene heterojunctions.…”

Section: Sensing Mechanism Of Mxene‐based Flexible Pressure Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Qin,

Nong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, internet of things and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic components for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensor has gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin and human‐machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique two‐dimensional layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors is reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene‐based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Sensing Mechanism Of Mxene‐based Flexible Pressure Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Qin,

Nong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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“…Second, this study shows that the electronic properties of Ti 3 C 2 T x monolayers are sensitive to oxidation, suggesting that ρ( T ) measurements may be used for the assessment of the quality of MXene materials and their suitability for specific applications. For example, the electronic applications require pristine MXenes with the highest electrical conductivity, while other applications, such as gas sensing, may benefit from a partial oxidation of a material. − Finally, we demonstrate that unlike their monolayer counterparts, the multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes retain their purely metallic dρ/d T > 0 behavior even after oxidation in air, suggesting that the outer layers of multilayer flakes effectively protect the core layers from the environment. While many studies focus on the optimization of exfoliation of MXene materials down to the monolayer limit, , the results of this work suggest that certain applications may benefit from the use of multilayer flakes because of their improved environmental stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a representative Ti 3 C 2 T x flake (Figure e) shows that the MXene surface looked clean, and no pinholes or TiO 2 nanoparticles were observed, which, if present, would indicate degradation of Ti 3 C 2 T x . ,, The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the same flake (Figure f) demonstrates its high crystallinity and phase purity. The observed diffraction spots demonstrate the hexagonal arrangement of the atoms in the MXene sheet.…”

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confidence: 97%

Metallic Conductivity of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Confirmed by Temperature-Dependent Electrical Measurements

Lipatov,

Bagheri,

Sinitskii

2023

ACS Materials Lett.

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Ti 3 C 2 T x , the most popular MXene to date, is widely regarded as a metallic material, based on numerous theoretical predictions and the results of experimental studies. Yet, despite this general consensus on the metallic nature of Ti 3 C 2 T x , there have not been reports on its temperaturedependent resistivity (ρ) measurements that would demonstrate the expected increase of resistivity with temperature with dρ/dT > 0 in a wide temperature range. Instead, all ρ(T) data reported so far, which were mostly collected on macroscopic films of percolating Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes, demonstrate dependences with minima, which were observed in the range from 90 to 250 K in different measurements. In this study, we fabricated electronic devices based on individual high-quality Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes and performed their temperature-dependent resistivity measurements. The resistivity of flakes was found to increase with temperature in the 10−300 K range, and the resulting ρ(T) dependences can be accurately described by the Bloch− Gruneisen model for the temperature dependence of the resistivity of metals, confirming the metallic nature of Ti 3 C 2 T x . We also demonstrate that an oxidation of a Ti 3 C 2 T x monolayer transforms a monotonically increasing ρ(T) curve into a dependence with a minimum that looks similar to the previously reported results for percolating MXene films. The emerging low-temperature tail with a semiconductor-like dρ/dT < 0 behavior can be explained by the stronger electron scattering in a partially oxidized MXene due to an increased level of disorder, and the resulting ρ(T) curves can be accurately fitted using Matthiessen's rule, which incorporates the effect of all types of scatterers on the transport properties of metals. These experiments verify the metallic nature of Ti 3 C 2 T x (dρ/dT > 0) and provide insights into the origin of the emergence of a lowtemperature tail with dρ/dT < 0. We also demonstrate that multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes retain their purely metallic dρ/dT > 0 behavior even after annealing in air, suggesting that the outer layers of multilayer flakes effectively protect the core layers from oxidation. This result suggests that certain applications may benefit from the use of multilayer flakes because of their improved environmental stability.

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“…While the A-element is not directly included in the MXene layers, the plethora of MAX phases with a great chemical diversity of A-layers could be a rich source of MXene-based materials and composites. Many studies involve various MXenes in combination with other functional materials, such as metals, oxides, etc. − A general synthetic approach for such composite materials is to first synthesize a MXene by completely removing the A-element from the precursor MAX phase and then modify it with another material of interest. One recently developed approach focusing on the chemistry of A-elements involves Lewis acidic molten salts (LAMS) and LAMS scissors, , enabling a control over the A-layer elements and their substitution using strategically designed etching methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlayer Incorporation of A-Elements into MXenes Via Selective Etching of A′ from M_n+1A′_1–xA″_xC_n MAX Phases

Bagheri,

Lipatov,

Vorobeva

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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MXenes are a large family of two-dimensional materials with a general formula M n+1X n T z , where M is a transition metal, X = C and/or N, and T z represents surface functional groups. MXenes are synthesized by etching A-elements from layered MAX phases with a composition of M n+1AX n . As over 20 different chemical elements were shown to form A-layers in various MAX phases, we propose that they can provide an abundant source of very diverse MXene-based materials. The general strategy for A-modified MXenes relies on the synthesis of M n+1A′1–x A″ x X n MAX phase, in which the higher reactivity of the A′-element compared to that of A″ enables its selective etching, resulting in A″-modified M n+1X n T z . In general, the A″-element could modify the interlayer spaces of MXene flakes in a form of metallic or oxide species, depending on its chemical identity and synthetic conditions. We demonstrate this strategy by synthesizing Sn-modified Ti3C2T z MXene from the Ti3Al0.75Sn0.25C2 MAX phase, which was used as a model system. Although the incorporation of Sn in the A-layer of Ti3AlC2 decreases the MAX phase reactivity, we developed an etching procedure to completely remove Al and produce Sn-modified Ti3C2T z MXene. The resulting MXene sheets were of very high quality and exhibited improved environmental stability, which we attribute to the effect of a uniform Sn modification. Finally, we demonstrate a peculiar electrostatic expansion of Sn-modified Ti3C2T z accordions, which may find interesting applications in MXene-based nano-electromechanical systems. Overall, these results demonstrate that in addition to different combinations of M and X elements in MAX phases, an A-layer also provides opportunities for the synthesis of MXene-based materials.

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Synergistic Effect of TiS₃ and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Temperature-Tunable p-/n-Type Gas Sensing

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Metallic Conductivity of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Confirmed by Temperature-Dependent Electrical Measurements

Interlayer Incorporation of A-Elements into MXenes Via Selective Etching of A′ from M_n+1A′_1–xA″_xC_n MAX Phases

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Synergistic Effect of TiS3 and Ti3C2Tx MXene for Temperature-Tunable p-/n-Type Gas Sensing

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

Metallic Conductivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene Confirmed by Temperature-Dependent Electrical Measurements

Interlayer Incorporation of A-Elements into MXenes Via Selective Etching of A′ from Mn+1A′1–xA″xCn MAX Phases

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Synergistic Effect of TiS₃ and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Temperature-Tunable p-/n-Type Gas Sensing

Metallic Conductivity of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Confirmed by Temperature-Dependent Electrical Measurements

Interlayer Incorporation of A-Elements into MXenes Via Selective Etching of A′ from M_n+1A′_1–xA″_xC_n MAX Phases