Synergistic Effect of Pyrophosphate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Periodontal Pathogens

Abstract

Our previous studies have shown that pyrophosphate (PPi), the anticalculus component of tartar‐control dentifrices, inhibits the growth of organisms associated with coronal and root surface caries. The purposes of this investigation were to: 1) determine if periodontal pathogens are similarly susceptible to the growth‐inhibitory properties of PPi; and 2) determine if combinations of pyrophosphate‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (PPiSDS) inhibit growth synergistically. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Campylobacter rectus (formerly Wolinella recta) were cultured in appropriate enriched media under anaerobic conditions. Inhibition assays were performed in tubes containing media supplemented with PPi and/or SDS. A range of concentrations of PPi and SDS in 2‐fold increments was employed, with each concentration assayed in triplicate. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analyses revealed all of the bacteria were susceptible to PPi and SDS, with MICs of 0.67% (25 mM) and 0.01% w/v respectively. Combination studies with PPi‐SDS showed much greater growth inhibition against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans than achieved with the agents individually. Determination of fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated a synergistic growth‐inhibitory effect. Under the constraints of the conditions employed, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of PPi‐SDS combinations in inhibiting the growth of periodontal pathogens. It is conceivable that these compounds may have clinical benefit as a subgingival irrigant.J Periodontol 1992; 63:696–700.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm disruption using microbial surfactants

“…j) in comparison to those treated with PBS 1×, SDS has also been shown to kill planktonic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cells at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0·1 g l − 1 (Drake et al . ; Wade and Addy ). As SDS causes protein unfolding at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (Otzen ), these findings suggest that SDS mediated biofilm detachment results from the denaturation of proteinaceous matrix adhesions.…”

“…The anionic surfactant SDS, a common ingredient in dental cleaning agents, exhibits bactericidal activity against numerous oral bacteria (Drake et al 1992;Wade and Addy 1992). SDS is thought to kill bacteria by penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane and causing cell lysis (Adair et al 1979).…”

Citrus Oil and MgCl2 as Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Agents

“…These Gram‐negative bacteria initiate a host response mediated by cytokines that results in destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone loss. Successful management of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease can be achieved by a combination of mechanical and chemotherapeutic agents 3 . In addition, it has been shown that removal of bacterial plaque or suppression of the total microbiota reduces the severity of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease 4 …”

“…Successful management of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease can be achieved by a combination of mechanical and chemotherapeutic agents. 3 In addition, it has been shown that removal of bacterial plaque or suppression of the total microbiota reduces the severity of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. 4 Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF -a) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue destruction in periodontitis.…”

Inhibition of streptococcal growth, F‐ATPase and pyrophosphatase by diphosphonates

“…Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates not only affect mineralization processes in plaque but have been shown also to inhibit growth of oral bacteria, including those of both supragingival and subgingival plaque (6,7). Pyrophosphate can inhibit formation of in vitro plaque (19), and may act as an antiplaque agent, especially in conjunction with other agents active against oral bacteria.…”