Synergistic effect of pressure cold atmospheric plasma and carboxymethyl chitosan to mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on PCL/CMC nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering

Abstract

Cell attachment and differentiation on biomaterials might be enhanced by surface modification techniques. The main aim of this study was to improve stem cell/material interaction by pressure cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). We developed a combination of electrospun poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐chitosan (CTS) and PCL‐carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) scaffolds. In order to make nanofiber surfaces more appropriate for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation, CAP was used. Proliferation and cartilage differentiation of MSCs were then evaluated during 21 days. Biocompatibility test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed. After 21 days, induction of cartilage differentiation was approved through expression of SRY‐Box 9 (SOX9) and collagen type II (COL2) genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and COL2 protein expression was accordingly confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Thus, our data showed the PCL/CMC scaffolds can support and induce the differentiation of MSC to cartilage‐like cells.

Fabrication and Plasma Surface Activation of Aligned Electrospun PLGA Fiber Fleeces with Improved Adhesion and Infiltration of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Maintaining their Teno-inductive Potential

“…CAP treatment influenced PLGA microfiber hydrophilicity and not its topographical architecture and bulk structure as demonstrated by the SEM, molecular weight determination and FTIR analysis. Indeed, only few researches conducted in other models have demonstrated that CAP treatments do not affect cell differentiation towards on cartilage [49,119], osteo [52,120,121], hepatic [122] or neuronal [60] lineages. Thus, both fiber alignment and diameter size regulate oAECs proliferation and teno-differentiation, whereas cell adhesion and penetration within the microfibers are influenced by CAP treatment.…”

“…Different working gases such as air, oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), ammonium (NH 3 ), argon (Ar), or helium (He) have been used for this purpose [29,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. Most of studies concerning plasma activation of electrospun scaffolds have focused on PCL [29,46,47,[49][50][51] and PLLA [52][53][54][55][56][57][58] while those concerning PLGA [48,[59][60][61][62] are few and still neglected in the literature although its wide application range in the field of tissue engineering [63]. Despite the known cytocompatibility of PLGA [10,11,13,25,64], its poor hydrophilic properties and the rather low ability to interact with cells restrict the natural cell recognition sites on its surface, which may lead to poor overall cell adhesion [65].…”

Enhanced Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation by Carboxymethyl-Chitosan Functionalized Polycaprolactone Nanofiber

“…Their results showed that CMC promoted proliferation, and it was an excellent material for bone tissue engineering. Alemi et al [31] made PCL/CMC10% scaffold by blend electrospinning method. They mixed PCL solution with 10% solubilized CMC.…”

Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Powerful Tool for Modern Medicine

“…Interestingly, the CAP device effects may include initiating stem cell and biomaterial binding, in addition to its beneficial direct application to cells. For example, Alemi et al [93] assessed whether cold plasma application improved stem cell and biomaterial scaffold adhesion in cartilage tissue engineering. They found that CAP enhanced scaffold surface hydrophilicity, and this significantly reduced the contact angle and helped initial cell binding.…”