Synergistic effect of phenyl phosphoric acid derivatives and DOPO on multifunctional epoxy resin: Fire safety, mechanical properties, transparency and hydrophobicity

Rong, Hu; Guo, Yong; Chen, Zhongwei; Chen, Tingting; Yu, Yuan; He, Chao; Zhou, Jing; Liu, Xuliang; Zhang, Qingwu; Bu, Yajie; Jiang, Juncheng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110471

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The effect of side group structure on the compressive strength of biodegradable polyphosphazene-based polymers was investigated. The results showed that the nature and ratio of pendent groups attached to the polymer backbone play a role in determining mechanical properties [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Eco-Friendly Plaster Using Epoxy Resin and Epoxy Hardener on Mechanical Properties under Compression and Tension

Albadrani,

Almutairi

2024

Polymers

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BISCO plaster (BRP) is an environmentally friendly material with high mechanical properties and is considered a great elective to conventional materials such as gypsum and cement. Our investigation seeks to examine BISCO plaster (BRP) and a mixture of resin and hardener in three proportions (30%, 45%, and 60%) to achieve our ultimate goal, which is to preserve the environment and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030 to reach zero carbon emissions by 2060? Emissions tests were performed, and although the CO2 level was zero, they emitted SO2 sulfur dioxide and NO2 nitrogen dioxide, and 60% was the lowest emission rate. We also used ANSYS 2023 R1 software to compare them with their mechanical properties resulting from tensile and compression testing. In this study, we looked closely at the mechanical characteristics of different materials designed for wall coverings, with particular emphasis on their environmental sustainability. We carried out experiments to gauge the tensile and compressive stress on samples with varying mixing ratios. Our main objective was on crucial mechanical properties such as the modulus of elasticity, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, yield strain, modulus of resilience, and ductility. Through meticulous scrutiny, we determined that the amalgamation of these mechanical attributes at the 30% mixing ratio provides an optimal combination for attaining structural integrity, adaptability, and resilience in wall coverings. Significantly, this ratio also underscores a commitment to environmentally conscious material selection. Our study offers important new insights into the selection of wall covering materials by providing a detailed understanding of their mechanical behavior under various stress conditions. It aligns with the increasing significance of environmental responsibility in contemporary design and construction. By emphasizing the 30% mixing ratio, our findings establish a foundation for informed decision making, promoting the utilization of sustainable materials that achieve a balance between strength, flexibility, and longevity. This ensures optimal performance in practical applications while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Eco-Friendly Plaster Using Epoxy Resin and Epoxy Hardener on Mechanical Properties under Compression and Tension

Albadrani,

Almutairi

2024

Polymers

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“…The phosphorus in different structures and valence states may change the efficiency. Some flame retardants containing two types of phosphorus have been synthesized to regulate the fire-retardant properties of polymers. , As a derivative of DOPO, 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa 10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ) contains two active phenolic hydroxyl groups. It has been used in epoxy resin (EP), PET, bismaleimide resin, etc. − The EP containing 1.1% phosphorus achieves the UL-94 V0 level .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some flame retardants containing two types of phosphorus have been synthesized to regulate the fire-retardant properties of polymers. 16,17 It has been used in epoxy resin (EP), PET, bismaleimide resin, etc. 18−20 The EP containing 1.1% phosphorus achieves the UL-94 V0 level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Retardancy of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-ethylene terephthalate) Regulated by Phosphinate

Ding,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A flame retardant containing two phosphonate structures (DOPO−DP) was synthesized by applying diphenylphosphinic chloride and 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide. The DOPO−DP was used to modify the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-ethylene terephthalate) containing (PEFT). DOPO−DP has a high flame-retardant efficiency in PEFT. The UL-94 V0 level is obtained by adding 7 wt % DOPO−DP into PEFT. The fireretardant mode of action is melting away, which is induced by the plasticizing effect of DOPO−DP mainly. In addition, two chain extenders triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and 2,2′-(1,3-phenylene)-dioxazoline were applied to enhance the mechanical properties of PEFT. DOPO−DP deteriorates the mechanical properties of PEFT while coupling agents improve the bending and impact strength. While the chain expansion effect of TGIC competes with the plasticizing effect of DOPO−DP, excessive TGIC deteriorates the UL-94 rating of PEFT.

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“…The organophosphorus compounds and their derivatives, recognized for their low toxicity and good thermal stability, have proven effective as halogen-free flame retardants (FRs) for EP. ,− Particularly, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives have attracted significant interest due to their outstanding thermal stability, environmental sustainability, and superior flame-retardant efficacy. − To optimize the flame-retardant efficiency of phosphorus-containing FRs in both gas and/or condensed phases, various additional elements such as nitrogen, silicon, iron, and sulfur have been incorporated to develop highly efficient multiple FRs. − For example, Zhu et al developed a FR using eugenol combined with phosphorus and silicon . Chen et al synthesized a FR curing agent incorporating phosphoric anhydride .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Formation of Polynanosiloxane by a Multifunctional Phosphaphenanthrene–Silicone–Epoxy Soybean Oil Flame Retardant Improves the Toughness and Transparency of Epoxy Resin

Bu,

Zhang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Reducing the flammability of epoxy resins while preserving their transparency or mechanical performance is a constant challenge. Herein, a multifunctional phosphaphenanthrene−silicone−epoxy soybean oil flame retardant (PSOSi) was successfully synthesized. The addition of PSOSi causes polysiloxane nanoparticles to form in situ during the curing process. Notably, an intriguing result is that the presence of polysiloxane nanoparticles, smaller than the wavelength of visible light, minimizes light scattering and enhances the transparency of DGEBA/DDM/PSOSi composites. Additionally, by adding 20% PSOSi to DGEBA/DDM/ PSOSi composites, the tensile modulus increased by 33.3% and the notched impact strength increased by an impressive 108.3%. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the DGEBA/DDM/PSOSi-20% composite material has been enhanced to 29.5%, achieving UL-94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be an effective flame-retardant coating for wood. All of these findings indicate that PSOSi is a versatile and effective flame retardant, enhancing the overall performance of epoxy resins.

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Synergistic effect of phenyl phosphoric acid derivatives and DOPO on multifunctional epoxy resin: Fire safety, mechanical properties, transparency and hydrophobicity

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of Eco-Friendly Plaster Using Epoxy Resin and Epoxy Hardener on Mechanical Properties under Compression and Tension

Impact of Eco-Friendly Plaster Using Epoxy Resin and Epoxy Hardener on Mechanical Properties under Compression and Tension

Fire Retardancy of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-ethylene terephthalate) Regulated by Phosphinate

In-Situ Formation of Polynanosiloxane by a Multifunctional Phosphaphenanthrene–Silicone–Epoxy Soybean Oil Flame Retardant Improves the Toughness and Transparency of Epoxy Resin

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