Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Monotonic and Fatigue Properties of Uncracked and Cracked Epoxy Composites

Jen, Yi-Ming; Huang, Jui-Cheng; Zheng, Kun-Yang

doi:10.3390/polym12091895

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A synergistic index proposed by Jen et al [ 50 ] was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of a hybrid filler system on the studied properties. The index is defined as the percentage increase of studied property compared with the predicted property.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted property of the hybrid filler nanocomposite is calculated from the properties of the nanocomposites with individual types of nano-filler based on the weight ratio of nano-fillers. The detailed concept of the synergistic index can be referred to in [ 50 ], and the synergistic index η for the nanocomposite with a MWCNT:GNP ratio of x : y ( x + y = 10) at a specific temperature can be expressed as

where P hybrid , P CNT , and P GNP represents the magnitudes of the studied properties for the nanocomposites with hybrid fillers, MWCNTs only (MWCNT: GNP = 10:0), and GNPs only (MWCNT: GNP = 0:10) at the same controlled temperature, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou et al [ 64 ] demonstrated that the better the nano-fillers disperse, the greater number and the smaller size of the cleavage planes are observed. Furthermore, the reinforcement mechanism is more effective when the height difference between the cleavage planes increases [ 50 , 65 ]. As shown in Figure 7 , for each type of nanocomposite, the size of cleavage planes becomes larger when the temperature increases, indicating that the fewer obstacles encountered, the less energy dissipated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is noted that the fatigue property of the polymer nanocomposites reinforced with CNTs and graphene-based fillers was rarely investigated till 2020. Jen et al [ 50 ] studied the synergistic effect of MWCNTs and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation rate of the epoxy nanocomposites with various filler ratios. The nanocomposites with a MWCNT: GNP of 1:9 was found to have higher fatigue strength and lower fatigue crack growth rate than those with other filler ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Jen

Chang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Even though the characteristics of polymer materials are sensitive to temperature, the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites have rarely been studied before, especially for the fatigue behavior of hybrid polymer nanocomposites. Hence, the tensile quasi-static and fatigue tests for the epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were performed at different temperatures in the study to investigate the temperature-dependent synergistic effect of hybrid nano-fillers on the studied properties. The temperature and the filler ratio were the main variables considered in the experimental program. A synergistic index was employed to quantify and evaluate the synergistic effect of hybrid fillers on the studied properties. Experimental results show that both the monotonic and fatigue strength decrease with increasing temperature significantly. The nanocomposites with a MWCNT (multi-walled CNT): GNP ratio of 9:1 display higher monotonic modulus/strength and fatigue strength than those with other filler ratios. The tensile strengths of the nanocomposite specimens with a MWCNT:GNP ratio of 9:1 are 10.0, 5.5, 12.9, 23.4, and 58.9% higher than those of neat epoxy at −28, 2, 22, 52, and 82 °C, respectively. The endurance limits of the nanocomposites with this specific filler ratio are increased by 7.7, 26.7, 5.6, 30.6, and 42.4% from those of pristine epoxy under the identical temperature conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the synergistic effect for this optimal nanocomposite increases with temperature. The CNTs bridge the adjacent GNPs to constitute the 3-D network of nano-filler and prevent the agglomeration of GNPs, further improve the studied strength. Observing the fracture surfaces reveals that crack deflect effect and the bridging effect of nano-fillers are the main reinforcement mechanisms to improve the studied properties. The pullout of nano-fillers from polymer matrix at high temperatures reduces the monotonic and fatigue strengths. However, high temperature is beneficial to the synergistic effect of hybrid fillers because the nano-fillers dispersed in the softened matrix are easy to align toward the directions favorable to load transfer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Jen

Chang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Hybrid fillers are critical in improving the reinforcing and fatigue properties of rubber composites [ 33 ]. The use of fillers in a hybrid form exhibit the additional improvement of reinforcing properties due to the synergistic effect [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Few-Layer Graphene and Iron Oxide or Titanium Dioxide

Kumar

Song

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The increasing demand for polymer composites with novel or improved properties requires novel fillers. To meet the challenges posed, nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been used. In the present work, few-layer graphene (FLG) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) or TiO2 were used as fillers in a room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SR) matrix. Composites were prepared by mixing RTV-SR with nanofillers and then kept for vulcanization at room temperature for 24 h. The RTV-SR composites obtained were characterized with respect to their mechanical, actuation, and magnetic properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to investigate the composite raw materials and finished composites, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was used to study composite surface elemental compositions. Results showed that mechanical properties were improved by adding fillers, and actuation displacements were dependent on the type of nanofiller used and the applied voltage. Magnetic stress-relaxation also increased with filler amount and stress-relaxation rates decreased when a magnetic field was applied parallel to the deformation axes. Thus, this study showed that the inclusion of iron oxide (Fe3O4) or TiO2 fillers in RTV-SR improves mechanical, actuation, and magnetic properties.

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Highly Efficient Flexible n‐Type Thermoelectric Films Formed by Encapsulation of Bi₂Se₃‐MWCNT Hybrid Networks in Polyvinyl Alcohol

Buks

Andzane

Bugovecka

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, T is the absolute temperature, and κ is the thermal conductivity. Having both n-and p-type TE materials is an essential requirement for building an efficient TE device. [3] So far the use of organic-inorganic nanocomposites, where electrically conductive p-or n-type polymer is used as a matrix for supporting a network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and/or inorganic TE nanostructures as flakes, nanoplates, or nanowires has shown the greatest potential for engineering efficient flexible TE devices. [4] CNTs have been reported to be one of the most promising components for producing p-type flexible TE nanocomposites. [5][6][7][8][9] However, application of CNTs in n-type TE composites is complicated due to necessity of CNTs pretreatment (annealing under high vacuum) for oxygen desorption and transition of their conductivity type from p-type (arising from extrinsically induced by the adsorbed oxygen hole-like concentration [10] ) to n-type, and further isolation from ambient environment (air) to prevent oxygen adsorption. This significantly complicates the practical use of n-type CNTs in ambient conditions (air). Another drawback of n-type conductive polymers and their based composites is poor stability in air, resulting in decrease of electrical conductivity by orders of magnitude when exposed to air even for a short period of time. [10] The use of organic-inorganic nanocomposites has shown the greatest potential for engineering efficient flexible thermoelectric devices. In this work, a novel approach of encapsulation of as-grown bismuth selenide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Bi 2 Se 3 -MWCNT) hybrid network in polyvinyl alcohol for fabrication of n-type flexible thermoelectric films is demonstrated as a successful alternative to the mechanically mixed counterparts. The developed stable flexible n-type thermoelectric material has a Seebeck coefficient and power factor at room temperature as high as −85 μV K −1 and 0.4 μW m −1 K −2 , and figure-of-merit, exceeding the value shown by the mixed counterpart by ≈2 orders of magnitude, while requiring 3-4 times less inorganic material in comparison with mixed composites. Charge carrier transport mechanisms and contribution of Bi 2 Se 3 and MWCNT components of not encapsulated and encapsulated hybrid networks to the total Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductance, and power factor are studied. In addition, the fabricated flexible thermoelectric films show good environmental stability at relative humidity levels up to 60%, as well as great mechanical and electrical stability with the increase of resistance within 0.5% and deviations of the Seebeck coefficient within 2% from the initial value during the 100 repetitive bending cycles.

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Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Monotonic and Fatigue Properties of Uncracked and Cracked Epoxy Composites

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Properties of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Few-Layer Graphene and Iron Oxide or Titanium Dioxide

Highly Efficient Flexible n‐Type Thermoelectric Films Formed by Encapsulation of Bi₂Se₃‐MWCNT Hybrid Networks in Polyvinyl Alcohol

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Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Monotonic and Fatigue Properties of Uncracked and Cracked Epoxy Composites

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Properties of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Few-Layer Graphene and Iron Oxide or Titanium Dioxide

Highly Efficient Flexible n‐Type Thermoelectric Films Formed by Encapsulation of Bi2Se3‐MWCNT Hybrid Networks in Polyvinyl Alcohol

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Product

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Highly Efficient Flexible n‐Type Thermoelectric Films Formed by Encapsulation of Bi₂Se₃‐MWCNT Hybrid Networks in Polyvinyl Alcohol