Synergistic Effect of Influenza A Virus on Endotoxin-Induced Mortality in Rat Pups: A Potential Model for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Blood‐Siegfried, Jane

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000028250.96650.d7

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Initially, these animals have a compensatory increase in heart rate; however, this is followed by a decrease in cardiac rate, decrease in blood pressure and death. Histologic examination of tissues confirms signs of shock and thymic involution, which is also found in SIDS infants (Blood-Siegfried et al, 2004; Blood-Siegfried et al, 2002; Blood-Siegfried et al, in press; Rambaud et al, 1999)…”

Section: Infectionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…(Berry, 1992; Krous, 1984) Mast cell degranulation has been documented in some SIDS infants, and release of heparin from the granules might act as an anticoagulative factor. (Holgate et al, 1994; Platt et al, 1994) This pathology was also obssserved in the rat model of sudden unexplained death (Blood-Siegfried et al, 2004; Blood-Siegfried et al, 2002)…”

Section: The Physiology Of Shock In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There must be a combination of events to stimulate death. Two infectious insults, one viral and one bacterial, as in the “Common Bacterial Hypothesis” of SIDS, will cause death in 10-12 day old rat pups (Blood-Siegfried et al, 2004; Blood-Siegfried et al, 2002). The animals die quickly and quietly with a few minor symptoms prior to death.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have focused on the role of infectious insults in SIDS (Blackwell et al, 2004; Blood-Siegfried et al, 2004; Blood-Siegfried et al, 2002; Morris, 1999; Morris, Haran, & Smith, 1987), while other researchers have described anomalies in cardiac function and rhythm, inborn errors of metabolism and heat shock stress (Burchell, Lyall, Busuttil, Bell, & Hume, 1992; Dundar, Lanyon, & Connor, 1993; Gozal, 1996; Hodgman & Siassi, 1999; Maron, Clark, Goldstein, & Epstein, 1976; Sawczenko & Fleming, 1996). More recent exploration has involved finding specific genetic abnormalities in SIDS infants (Blackwell et al, 2004, 2005; Fifer & Myers, 2002; Gordon et al, 2002; Rognum & Saugstad, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Shock a Key Element in the Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Blood‐Siegfried

Bowers

Lorimer

2008

Biological Research For Nursing

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In developed countries Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the most common cause of death for infants between the age of 1 month and 1 year. The etiology of SIDS is likely to be multifactorial, and current paradigms often describe three overlapping elements of risk. Those elements are a critical developmental period, a vulnerable infant and one or more exogenous stressors.In the "Triple-risk Model", SIDS infants are described as having an underlying vulnerability in cardio-respiratory control in the central nervous system during a critical period when autonomic control is developing. This vulnerability might affect the response to exogenous stressors, including prone sleep position, hypoxia and increased carbon dioxide.In the "Common Bacterial Hypothesis" and "Fatal Triangle", the focus is on the stressors. A combination of common respiratory infections can cause SIDS in an infant during a developmentally vulnerable period. This theory also includes three factors of vulnerability: a genetic predisposition, vulnerable developmental age and infectious stressors. In the "Fatal Triangle" theory, infection, inflammation and genetics each play a role in triggering a SIDS fatality.From our work in an animal model we have found that rat pups die from a combination of infectious insults, during a critical time of development. This is exacerbated by perinatal nicotine exposure, a condition shown to alter the autonomic response in exposed offspring. We are proposing that shock and cardiovascular collapse is a key element that links these theories.

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Section: Infectionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: The Physiology Of Shock In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is Shock a Key Element in the Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Blood‐Siegfried

Bowers

Lorimer

2008

Biological Research For Nursing

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“…Some efforts have already been taken to produce such a model. A potential animal model has been presented by BloodSiegfried et al [64] They infected 12 days old rat pups in a defined time interval with a nonlethal strain of a rat-adapted influenza A virus and a sublethal dose of endotoxin which resulted in an SIDSlike pathology and ''unexplained death''. They concluded that SIDS might be caused by a toxic immune response to a subsequent immune challenge by an infection primed immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of the sudden infant death syndrome

Courts

Madea

2010

Forensic Science International

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Alteration in regulation of inflammatory response to influenza a virus and endotoxin in suckling rat pups: a potential relationship to sudden infant death syndrome

Blood‐Siegfried¹

2004

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Data increasingly implicate a possible role of immune and inflammatory responses to infection in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We have previously described a dual challenge model that results in pathology, organ damage, vascular collapse and unexplained death similar to that seen in SIDS. In this study, we examined changes in inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the lung and liver and regulation of pathways associated with nitric oxide production. Our data suggest that priming of the immune system by mild viral infection disturbs normal inflammatory response to endotoxin. This results in an increased nitric oxide synthase production, most likely the cause of liver pathology and clotting abnormalities.

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Synergistic Effect of Influenza A Virus on Endotoxin-Induced Mortality in Rat Pups: A Potential Model for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Is Shock a Key Element in the Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Is Shock a Key Element in the Pathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Genetics of the sudden infant death syndrome

Alteration in regulation of inflammatory response to influenza a virus and endotoxin in suckling rat pups: a potential relationship to sudden infant death syndrome

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