Synergistic Effect of Ethylene–Propane Mixture on Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames

Hwang, Jeongjae; Lee, W.; Kang, Hyun‐Gu; Chung, Suk Ho

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(97)00295-2

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…reacting region of Fig.6, the increase of ROP of R11 has close correlation with the first peak in the bimodal curve of CH 3 . Fig.8 shows the ROP of CH 3 in these three cases.…”

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112supporting

confidence: 59%

“…By the same ROP analysis, C 6 H 5 CH 2 in R11 was generated by R12, as shown in Table 1 (R10-R13). Referred to R10, it can be seen that C 6 H 5 CH 3 is generated mainly by the combination of A1-and CH 3 . Thus the production of CH 3 need to be analyzed.…”

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, after adding heptane in the ethylene flame, the pyrolysis of heptane generates a large number of propyl, and then, propyl decomposes to produce CH 3 , which forms the first peak in the bimodal curve of CH 3 . Furthermore, CH 3 reacts with A1-to form C 6 H 5 CH 3 , and finally the peak mole fraction of A1 increases by reaction R8.…”

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers investigated the effects of the fuel structure on soot formation process in diffusion flame by fuel mixing, and observed the synergistic effect on PAH and soot formation in some experiments [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The synergistic effect in the process of soot formation process is defined as the case when a mixture fuel can produce more PAH and soot as compared to the respective pure fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Synergistic Effect of Ethylene-Heptane Mixture on Soot Formation

Qiu¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

2017

Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology (ICREET 2016)

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Abstract. The combustion and soot formation process of ethylene-heptane mixture was numerical calculated in an opposed-flow flame by an improved kinetic mechanism. The mechanism contains 211 species and 1410 reactions, including the pyrolysis reactions of heptane, core reactions of C0-C4, the formation of benzene, PAH growth up to coronene (A7). This mechanism was well validated by the mole fraction of major species in a heptane premixed flame and aromatic species in an ethylene/air opposed-flow flame. Numerical simulation in ethylene-heptane opposed-flow diffusion flame shows a self-synergistic effect on soot formation. As the ratio of heptane increases, the soot volume fraction (SVF), soot number density (SND), peak mole fraction of benzene and key PAH species all increase first and then decrease. A maximum peak of SVF and SND is reached when 5% heptane is added to the fuel. Propyl and methyl play important roles in the synergistic effect of the formation of benzene. IntroductionOpposed-flow flames are generally used to investigate the soot characteristics. There are two types of the opposed-flow flame, soot formation (SF) flame and soot formation and oxidation (SFO) flame [1]. The flame plane of the SF flame is located on the oxidizer side, while the other located on the fuel side. In SF flame, PAHs and soot are generated in the fuel side of the flame, and the soot particles move away from the high-temperature reacting region. So the oxidation of soot and PAH does not occur in this case. Therefore, SF flame is a good choice to study the growth of PAH and soot particles. However, there are also some researches studies on SFO flames where the oxidation of PAH and soot needs to be considered.Fuel structure plays an important role in the process of the formation and development of PAH and soot [2]. Many researchers investigated the effects of the fuel structure on soot formation process in diffusion flame by fuel mixing, and observed the synergistic effect on PAH and soot formation in some experiments [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The synergistic effect in the process of soot formation process is defined as the case when a mixture fuel can produce more PAH and soot as compared to the respective pure fuels.Synergistic effects on soot formation are observed in many fuel mixing experiments, however, little of them are carried on liquid fuels. Heptane is abundant in both gasoline and diesel fuel [9], and is used as a preference fuel in the numerical calculation of engine combustion. Ethylene is an important intermediate product in the heptane high temperature β-scission process. Therefore, the synergistic effect of ethylene-heptane mixture can also be treat as the self-synergistic effect on continuous heptane diffusion combustion. In this research, the soot formation process of ethylene-heptane binary mixture was numerical calculated in an opposed-flow diffusion flame. The distribution of SVF, SND, core species, A1 and PAHs were displayed. The mechanism of synergistic effects on soot, A1 and PAHs were analyzed in detail.

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“…reacting region of Fig.6, the increase of ROP of R11 has close correlation with the first peak in the bimodal curve of CH 3 . Fig.8 shows the ROP of CH 3 in these three cases.…”

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Self-Synergistic Effect of Ethylene-Heptane Mixture on Soot Formation

Qiu¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

2017

Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology (ICREET 2016)

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show abstract

“…Moreover, the experimental results of Choi et al [3] showed that there exists a synergistic effect in PAH production in these mixtures, especially in iso-octane/toluene mixture, but not in soot formation. The synergistic effect is defined in a consistent manner with previous studies on soot and PAH formation and refers to the case when a mixture fuel (containing two hydrocarbons) can produce more PAH and/or soot as compared to the individual pure fuels [3,[14][15][16][17][18].This study intends to gain fundamental understanding into the effects of fuel chemistry of a TRF gasoline surrogate on soot formation. In particular, the focus is on the chemical kinetic interactions between iso-octane and toluene and between nheptane and toluene with respect to PAH and soot formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical study of soot formation in laminar coflow methane/air diffusion flames doped by n- heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene blends

Consalvi

Liu

Kashif

et al. 2017

Combustion and Flame

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Abstract:The laminar coflow nitrogen-diluted methane/air diffusion flames doped with a small amount of n-heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene binary mixtures, investigated experimentally by Kashif et al. [Combust. Flame 162 (2015) 1840-18476], were simulated numerically by using a detailed reaction mechanism and a sectional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based soot model. The numerical model provides results in reasonable qualitative agreement with the experimental data by using the same chemical mechanism, the same soot model, and the same set of constants employed successfully in a previous study to model the effects of nheptane/iso-octane doping, demonstrating that this overall model is promising to model soot formation in gasoline flames. Soot production is enhanced monotonically with increasing the 2 toluene content in either the n-heptane/toluene or iso-octane/toluene doping fuel mixture. The increase in benzene and pyrene production displays a non-monotonic and synergistic response to the increase in toluene content. These numerical results are consistent with available experimental results as far as the trends in the effects of increasing the toluene content are concerned. Model results show that the dominant pathways responsible for the synergistic effects on benzene and pyrene production are respectively C 6 H 5 CH 3 (n-heptane) + H ↔ A1 (benzene) + CH 3 and A3-(C 14 H 9 ) + C 2 H 2 ↔ A4 (pyrene) + H.

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Hydrogen‐Assisted Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Fossil Fuels

Aggarwal

2010

Handbook of Combustion

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A blended fuel strategy using mixtures of renewable and petroleum‐based fuels can play an important role in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels along with a measurable reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and local pollutants, and achieving the goal of a sustainable energy future. This chapter focuses on the fundamental and practical aspects of using hydrogen–hydrocarbon fuel blends. Flame studies dealing with the effects of hydrogen addition on the combustion and emission characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels are reviewed. The combustion characteristics include ignition, extinction, flammability limits, laminar burning velocity, flame structure, and dynamics including flame–stretch interactions and cellular instabilities. The use of hydrogen for enhancing the performance and emissions of petroleum‐based internal combustion engines is considered. The effects of hydrogen addition on the emissions of GHGs (CO 2 , CO, and unburned hydrocarbons), NO x , and particulate matter from flames in both laboratory‐scale and practical combustors are discussed. Future research needs pertaining to the combustion and emission characteristics of such blends are identified.

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Synergistic Effect of Ethylene–Propane Mixture on Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Self-Synergistic Effect of Ethylene-Heptane Mixture on Soot Formation

Self-Synergistic Effect of Ethylene-Heptane Mixture on Soot Formation

Numerical study of soot formation in laminar coflow methane/air diffusion flames doped by n- heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene blends

Hydrogen‐Assisted Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Fossil Fuels

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