Synergistic effect of clam shell bio-filler on the fire-resistance and char formation of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

Li, Yaozhuang; Feng, Yuwei; Xu, Zhisheng; Yan, Long; Xie, Xiaojiang; Wang, Zhengyang

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.055

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in BAIC 3-5 might be assisted in the best synergy with TiO 2 -APP-PER-MEL/VAC that enhanced the antioxidant quality of the char layer formed. This research suggested, 3.5 wt.% of BioAsh in BAIC 3-5 was appropriate to offer an excellent antioxidant value to enhance the charred quality to better suppress the heat transfer to steel [52].…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Conventional IC reported an average equilibrium temperature of 160-190 • C (epoxy-based) and 220-290 • C (water-based) when the steel substrate was exposed to 1000 • C heat in the fire test [37,48,52,53]. Advanced studies have been conducted to explore the potential of various aviculture waste (eggshell), agriculture waste (rice husk ash), aquaculture waste (clam shell) and crop-based biomass (ginger powder and coffee husk) to produce eco-compatible IC formulations with enhanced fire-resistant performance [48,[51][52][53]. These studies of using natural-based fillers in the IC reported various improvements in the fire-resistant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies of using natural-based fillers in the IC reported various improvements in the fire-resistant properties. Equilibrium temperature of water-based IC using eggshell (160-260 • C), rice husk ash (180-220 • C), clam shell (136 • C) was reported [43,52,53]. Epoxy resin IC formulated with crop-based carbon source can block the transfer of fire heat to steel and maintain the steel temperature at 130 to 150 • C [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

et al. 2020

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Recent developments of intumescent fire-protective coatings used in steel buildings are important to ensure the structural integrity and safe evacuation of occupants during fire accidents. Flame-retardant intumescent coating applied to structural steel could delay the spread of fire and heat propagation across spaces and structures in minimizing fire risks. This research focuses on formulating a green intumescent coating utilized the BioAsh, a by-product derived from natural rubberwood (hardwood) biomass combustion as the natural substitute of mineral fillers in the intumescent coating. Fire resistance, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of all samples were examined via Bunsen burner, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbolite furnace, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), freeze–thaw cycle, static immersion and Instron pull-off adhesion test. Sample BioAsh intumescent coating (BAIC) 4-7 incorporated with 3.5 wt.% BioAsh exhibited the best performances in terms of fire resistance (112.5 °C for an hour under the Bunsen burner test), thermal stability (residual weight of 29.48 wt.% at 1000 °C in TGA test), adhesion strength (1.73 MPa under Instron pull-off adhesion test), water resistance (water absorption rate of 8.72%) and freeze–thaw durability (no crack, blister and color change) as compared to other samples. These results reveal that an appropriate amount of renewable BioAsh incorporated as natural mineral fillers into the intumescent coating could lead to better fire resistance and mechanical properties for the steel structures.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

et al. 2020

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“…In the actual application, the intumescent component is prone to migration and decomposition under the action of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, and oxygen, thus leading to the degradation of the physical, mechanical, fire-resistance, and smoke-suppression performance of the materials [ 4 , 5 ]. To solve this issue, many efforts have been focused on the enhancement of the fire-protection properties and ageing resistance of intumescent fire-retardant systems [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

et al. 2021

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Conch shell bio-filler (CSBF) was prepared by washing, ultrasonicating, and pulverizing of conch shells and then was applied in waterborne intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The influence of CSBF on fire resistance and anti-ageing properties of intumescent fire-retardant coatings were studied by using different analytical methods. The fire protection and smoke density tests showed that when the mass fraction of CSBF was 3%, the resulting FRC3 coating had the optimum synergistic flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effects concomitant with a flame-spread rating of 10.7, equilibrium backside temperature of 152.4 °C at 900 s, and smoke-density rating value of 10.4%, which were attributed to the establishment of a more dense and stable intumescent char layer against heat and mass transfer. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the presence of CSBF increased the thermal stability and char-forming performance of the coatings, and the char residue of FRC3 rose to 34.6% at 800 °C from 28.6% of FRC0 without CSBF. The accelerated ageing test suggested that the incorporation of CSBF reduced the migration and decomposition of the flame retardants and the yellowing, blistering, and powdering phenomenon, thus improving the structural stability of the coating, resulting in better durability of flame retardancy and smoke-suppression performance.

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“…However, the single APP/PER system also preclude its application, such as relative poorer flame retardant efficiency, hygroscopicity, and poor compatibility. In order to improve its flame retardant efficiency, numbers of charring agents have been designed, including bio‐based charring agents, 27,28 triazine derivatives, 29,30 functionalized PER, 31,32 oligomeric or polymeric materials (polyamides and polyurethanes), 33,34 and so on. To solve the hygroscopicity and poor compatibility, recent works focus on APP, which can be modified or microencapsulated by melamine formaldehyde resin and phytic acid, 35 3‐(methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane, 36 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 37 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of 4ZnO·B₂O₃·H₂O whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites

Dang

Liu

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the influences of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O zinc borate (ZB) whisker based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were characterized by the universal testing machine, UL‐94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter tests, respectively. The results indicate that only 1 phr of ZB could effectively improve the LOI value and slow down the burning rate of PP composite. The peak heat release rate, average of HRR, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, and total smoke production values are all decreased from 413.8 kW/m2, 166.3 kW/m2, 82.3 MJ/m2, 0.0995 m2/s, and 17.9 m2 for PPc/20IFR composite to 267.8 kW/m2, 128.3 kW/m2, 66.8 MJ/m2, 0.0478 m2/s, and 12.6 m2 for PPc/20IFR/1ZB composite, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy images, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Raman spectra of char residue reveal that ZB is helpful to form a compact and graphitized intumescent char residue so that the heat diffusion and oxygen transmission are greatly hindered. The thermogravimetry analysis‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA‐FTIR) results show that less combustible volatiles and more H2O vapor are generated with the appearance of ZB. Hence, the combustion mechanism in gas phase is suppressed.

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Synergistic effect of clam shell bio-filler on the fire-resistance and char formation of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

Influences of 4ZnO·B₂O₃·H₂O whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites

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Synergistic effect of clam shell bio-filler on the fire-resistance and char formation of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

Influences of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites

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Influences of 4ZnO·B₂O₃·H₂O whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites