Synergistic effect of carbon black and carbon-silica dual phase filler in natural rubber matrix

Abstract

In this article, the synergistic effects of carbon black (CB) and modified carbon-silica dual phase filler (MCSDPF) on the properties of natural rubber (NR) were investigated. MCSDPF was prepared by modifying carbon-silica dual phase filler (CSDPF) with bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulphane (Si-69). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyzer analyses revealed that Si-69 was successfully grafted to CSDPF. NR-based compounds containing various combinations of MCSDPF and CB were prepared through a mechanical mixing. Investigations of mechanical properties, ageing resistance, abrasion resistance, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphology of tear fractured surface of MCSDPF/CB/NR vulcanizates were conducted. Our study shows that adding MCSDPF led to significant improvement in the tear resistance, fatigue life, and elongation at break of MCSDPF/CB/NR vulcanizates. Optimum stoichiometric combination of MCSDPF and CB inside the NR matrix was derived (ratio of MCSDPF and CB in wt% 5 15/50), which showed synergistic effects of MCSDPF upon CB that was ultimately reflected in their tensile strength, wet skid resistance, and rolling resistance.

Influence of ionic liquid on the polymer–filler coupling and mechanical properties of nano‐silica filled elastomer

“…Figure shows the bound rubber content of A x SiO 2 /NR compounds. It is found that bound rubber content of A 2 SiO 2 /NR compound reaches maximum with a 48% increment, compared to that of unmodified nSiO 2 /NR compound, which suggests the strongest interaction between NR and A 2 SiO 2 . The coverage of AMI on the surface of nSiO 2 may largely restrain the interaction between the filler nanoparticles and strengthen the filler–rubber interaction.…”

Synergistic reinforcement ofNBRby hybrid filler system including organoclay and nano‐CaCO3

“…The increment of silica loading in the weight ratio of silica/palm ash enhances the rubber–filler interaction, tensile properties, shorter curing time, and fatigue life of NR hybrid composites. It has been shown that the NR, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and NBR vulcanizates containing silica/CB give better overall mechanical properties and good balance in the properties compared to those having only 50 phr of silica or CB. The explanation is given as the better filler dispersion as a result of the lower development of filler network in the vulcanizates.…”

Impacts of filler covalent and non‐covalent modification on the network structure and mechanical properties of carbon–silica dual phase filler/natural rubber

“…(a)), the peak at 3406 cm −1 corresponds to the O–H stretching frequency of Si–OH and C–OH groups on the surface of CSDPF . After the modification by Si69, the broad peak at 3406 cm −1 disappears in the spectrum of Si69‐CSDPF, which indicates the success of covalent interaction between −OH groups of CSDPF and Si69 . The Si69 will further react with NR chain during cure processing, causing the covalent bond between filler and NR finally.…”

“…For Si69‐modified CSDPF (Si69‐CSDPF), 50‐g CSDPF was dispersed into ethanol by sonication at 40°C for 1 h; then 0.8‐g Si69 was gradually added, mechanical stirred under 55°C for another 6 h . After reaction, the mixture was filtrated and then washed with ethanol to scour off the redundant Si69.…”