Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide on flame retardant properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Zhao, Chunxia; Liu, Ya; Wang, De‐Yi; Wang, Delong; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.04.002

Cited by 231 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar reductions were also observed for the average mass loss rate, suggesting that the reductions in PHRR were due to the slower rate at which combustible volatiles were produced (Nyambo et al 2008). Furthermore, the quantity of nanoscale LDH or LDH/IFR (APP) added to composites is less than that for traditional inorganic materials; thus, the effects of the addition on the mechanical and physical properties of the materials are minor (Zhao et al 2008;Huang et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Flame Retardant Efficiency of Melamine Pyrophosphate with Added Mg-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide in Medium Density Fiberboards

Liang¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the flame retardant (FR) efficiency of melamine pyrophosphate (MP) with added layered double hydroxide (LDH) in medium density fiberboards (MDFs) to be used as building decorative materials. The thermal degradation, FR efficiency, and combustion properties of MDF were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, and cone calorimetric test. The TGA results showed that the combination of MP and LDH led to a lower decomposition temperature than the pure MP and pure LDH. The LOI results showed that the LOI values increased with the addition of the FRs. The cone calorimetric results showed that the addition of four proportions (1:1, 2:1, 1:2, and 1:3) of the compounds into MDF can clearly decrease the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and mean heat release rate (MHRR). The results indicated that the MP and LDH compounds have a synergistic effect to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression in the MDFs. The combination of MP and LDH in a 1:1 ratio under 10 wt% FR addition has the best flame retardant efficiency in the MDFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Flame Retardant Efficiency of Melamine Pyrophosphate with Added Mg-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide in Medium Density Fiberboards

Liang¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…The value of x usually lies in the range of 0.33 > x > 0.22 17 . Recent research indicates that LDH, as a synergistic fire retardant agent in polymer/IFR systems, can not only catalyze the formation of carbonaceous residue during thermal decomposition, but also enhance the thermal stability of polymer composites and make the resulting char layer more stable and compact [18][19][20] . Zhang et al 21 systematically investigated the influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) intercalated ZnAl, MgAl, CaAl, and CuAl-LDHs on intumescent fire retardant (IFR) PP/LDH nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Fire Retardant Action: The Combined Gas and Condensed Phase Effects of Azo-Modified NiZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide on Intumescent Polypropylene

Wang

Liao

et al. 2017

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ternary nickel-substituted layered double hydroxide (C-LDH) was synthesized. It was intercalated with azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, using an ion exchange method to obtain organically modified NiZnAl-LDH (O-LDH). Both LDHs were melt-blended into polypropylene (PP) with intumescent fire retardant (IFR). The structure, morphology, thermal stability and combustible properties of intercalated LDH and its hybrid composite have been comprehensively characterized. SEM and EDX mapping show O-LDH exhibits better dispersion than ZnNiAl-CO3 LDH (C-LDH). Cone calorimetry shows the addition of IFR and LDH significantly reduced smoke and heat release rate. The composite with 1 wt% O-LDH, which showed dual gas phase and condensed phase fire retardant action, exhibited the lowest flammability with an LOI value of 29.3 % and achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, incorporation of LDH improved the mechanical properties compared to PP/IFR composites. UV absorption showed that O-LDH could significantly improve the ultraviolet stability of PP composites.

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“…In recent times, LDH platelets were introduced into PVA to produce high performance composites, in which a strong interaction exists between hydroxyl groups surrounding the LDH layers, and a mass of hydroxyl groups in the PVA chains promotes dispersion of the LDH layers [13,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Some results showed that microsized LDH platelets severely aggregated in the PVA matrix above 2 wt%, thereby causing a decrease in final properties [32,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some results showed that microsized LDH platelets severely aggregated in the PVA matrix above 2 wt%, thereby causing a decrease in final properties [32,34]. Most PVA/LDH NCs have been fabricated by simple mixing of an LDH aqueous dispersion with a PVA aqueous dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citric acid‐modified layered double hydroxides as a green reinforcing agent for improving thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based nanocomposite films

Dinari

Nabiyan

2016

Polymer Composites

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Citric acid (CA) with one hydroxyl and three carboxyl groups exists widely in citrus fruits and pineapples, where it is the main organic acid. In this article, nanosized CA‐modified ZnAl‐layered double hydroxide (CA‐LDH) was synthesized by coprecipitation method in aqueous media. Several nanocomposite (NC) films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by casting through the dispersion of the CA‐LDH into the PVA aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiation. The structures of individual layers of CA‐LDH and PVA/CA‐LDH NC films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Uniform dispersion of LDH nanoplatelets in PVA matrix was observed. The thermal stability of the NC was study by thermogravimetric analysis technique, and the results show that the thermal properties were improved as compared with the original PVA. The mechanical properties of the PVA/CA‐LDH NCs are obviously enhanced compared to that of neat PVA. Uniform distribution of clay due to intimate interaction between clay and polymer appears to be the cause for improved properties. The UV–Visible transmission spectra of the composite films exhibited that, the samples retained high optical clarity and they could be potentially used in the packaging industry. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E128–E136, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide on flame retardant properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Cited by 231 publications

References 37 publications

Flame Retardant Efficiency of Melamine Pyrophosphate with Added Mg-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide in Medium Density Fiberboards

Flame Retardant Efficiency of Melamine Pyrophosphate with Added Mg-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide in Medium Density Fiberboards

Dual Fire Retardant Action: The Combined Gas and Condensed Phase Effects of Azo-Modified NiZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide on Intumescent Polypropylene

Citric acid‐modified layered double hydroxides as a green reinforcing agent for improving thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based nanocomposite films

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