Synergistic co-processing of an acidic hardwood derived pyrolysis bio-oil with alkaline Red Mud bauxite mining waste as a sacrificial upgrading catalyst

Catalytic applications of waste derived materials

“…95 Waste material from the Bayer process, the 1 ---Glycerol 85 ----Glucose 86 1-1300 -0. rening of bauxite ore to alumina, was used by Karimi et al for the ketonisation of several carboxylic acids, 96 and the upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oils. 97,98 This waste, commonly termed 'red mud', is a mixture of metal oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and alkali and alkali earth oxides such as CaO and Na 2 O. 99 Red mud at a 10 mol% loading and the carboxylic acid were added to an autoclave which was ushed with H 2 or inert, sealed and heated to 365 C for 8 h. In the absence of H 2 the catalyst achieved a high conversion of linear alkanoic acids (>89%) and ketone selectivity of 21-41%.…”

Application of industrial solid wastes in catalytic pyrolysis

“…SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 are important components of red mud, which are beneficial to the pyrolysis of plastics. Karimi et al studied the synergistic coprocessing of an acidic hardwood, which derived pyrolysis bio‐oil with red mud as a sacrificial catalyst. The coprocessing reaction is performed in a pressure reactor at the temperature of 365°C.…”

Property and performance of red mud-based catalysts for the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds

“…Pratt and Christoverson [9] proposed a method that decreases the Na and Ca contents in RM and increases the surface area by dissolving it in hydrochloric acid, followed by precipitation with ammonia and calcination. Schlaf et al suggested [10] a method to decrease the RM alkalinity in the coprocessing of an acidic hardwood-derived pyrolysis bio-oil with RM. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to air pollution and the primary causative agents of ozone and smog formation [11][12][13].…”