“…This catalysis plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of redox reactions. Among the platinum group metal ions, RuCl 3 has widely been used as a homogeneous catalyst in various redox systems [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. This catalysis involves different degrees of complexity, due to the formation of different intermediate complexes, free radicals and different oxidation states of ruthenium [23,24].…”