Synergistic antibiotic activity of volatile compounds from the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and thymol

Abstract

Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is used in the folk medicine as topical antiseptic in skin and mucous membranes and its therapeutic effect is attributed to the thymol presence. The objective of this work was to verify the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of L. sidoides and its major component thymol. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The synergistic activity was evaluated using gaseous contact method. The essential oil was obtained (yield of 1.06%) and the GC/MS analysis identified the main constituents: thymol (84.9%) and p-cymene (5.33%). The antibiotic modifying activity was verified using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. It verified the interference of essential oil and thymol against all tested aminoglycosides. There were no statistical differences between the activity of the essential oil and thymol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating this to be the responsible composition for such activity. However, the oil was shown more effective when compared to the thymol against Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major component thymol influence the activity of aminoglycosides and may be used as adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.

Análise fitoquímica e atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham. e do Timol contra cepas de Candida spp

“…Na maioria dos estudos apresenta como composto majoritário o timol, um monoterpeno fenólico (Craveiro et al, 1981;Matos & Oliveira, 1998;Fontenelle et al, 2007;Delfino, 2012;Veras et al, 2012). O mesmo componente foi encontrado na CG-EM realizada neste estudo.…”

“…Outros componentes podem ser encontrados geralmente em concentrações menores, entre eles, β-cariofileno, Etil-metil-carvacrol, mirceno, p-cimeno, p-cineol e γ-terpineno Fontenelle et al, 2007;Monteiro et al, 2007;Cavalcanti et al, 2010;Veras et al, 2012). A maioria destes compostos também foram encontrados no OELS.…”

Chemical composition, antibiotic promotion and in vivo toxicity of Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil

“…The inhibition of bacterial efflux pump by EO is hence a probable mechanism underlying the synergic and additive effects with the antibiotics (Lorenzi et al, 2009). Cell wall and membrane disturbance is also a means of increasing the ability of antibiotics to assess the cell wall enzymes and organs within the cytoplasm (Hemaiswarya and Doble, 2009;Veras et al, 2012).…”

Essential oil of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens

“…According to Daferera et al (2003) [10], the use of essential oils as antimicrobial agents assume important role in the combat to the development of microbial resistance [11]. So, essential oils and their components are widely used in medicine as constituents of different medical products, in the food industry as flavoring additives and also in cosmetics as fragrances [12].…”