Synergistic antibacterial activity of physical-chemical multi-mechanism by TiO2 nanorod arrays for safe biofilm eradication on implant

Abstract

Treatment of implant-associated infection is becoming more challenging, especially when bacterial biofilms form on the surface of the implants. Developing multi-mechanism antibacterial methods to combat bacterial biofilm infections by the synergistic effects are superior to those based on single modality due to avoiding the adverse effects arising from the latter. In this work, TiO 2 nanorod arrays in combination with irradiation with 808 near-infrared (NIR) light are proven to eradicate single specie biofilms by combining photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and physical killing of bacteria. The TiO 2 nanorod arrays possess efficient photothermal conversion ability and produce a small amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Physiologically, the combined actions of hyperthermia, ROS, and puncturing by nanorods give rise to excellent antibacterial properties on titanium requiring irradiation for only 15 min as demonstrated by our experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo . More importantly, bone biofilm infection is successfully treated efficiently by the synergistic antibacterial effects and at the same time, the TiO 2 nanorod arrays improve the new bone formation around implants. In this protocol, besides the biocompatible TiO 2 nanorod arrays, an extra photosensitizer is not needed and no other ions would be released. Our findings reveal a rapid bacteria-killing method based on the multiple synergetic antibacterial modalities with high biosafety that can be implemented in vivo and obviate the need for a second operation. The concept and antibacterial system described here have large clinical potential in orthopedic and dental applications.

Copper single-atom catalysts with photothermal performance and enhanced nanozyme activity for bacteria‐infected wound therapy

“…(e) XANES spectrum of Cu SASs/NPC and reference samples. (f) Fourier transform (FT) k [ 3 ]-weighted Cu K-edge EXAFS oscillation spectra of Cu SASs/NPC and reference samples. (g) EXAFS fitting result of Cu SASs/NPC at k space.…”

“…Pathogenic bacteria are the main cause of bacterial infectious diseases, which seriously threaten human health [ 1 ]. At present, treatment is heavily dependent on antibiotics, leading to a rapid increase in multi-drug resistance and a sharp decline in therapeutic effects [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. In recent years, emerging nanozymes have become a new generation of antibiotics due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, low toxicity, and no drug resistance [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides Modified Silver Nanoparticles

“…It is vital to possess remarkable antibacterial ability while exhibiting low toxicity for practical application. 54 As is known that the nanoparticles at high concentration could result in damage to organism, 55 therefore the hemolytic activity and the cytotoxicity of the AMP@PDA@AgNPs nanocomposite were detected to assess biosafety. The viability of HEK293T cells was more than 95% even at the concentration of 400 µg/mL nanocomposite, implying the good biocompatibility of the nanocomposite ( Figure 3A ).…”

Surface Design for Antibacterial Materials: From Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies

“…[ 132 ] The reasons why implants cannot resist bacterial infection include the following: 1) difficulty in maintaining long‐term antibacterial effect, [ 133 ] 2) accumulation of bacterial fragments, [ 134 ] and 3) failure to kill bacteria over time. [ 122 , 124 , 135 ] Recently, a large number of works have been investigated to solve these problems, and are divided into three categories: 1) long‐term antifouling, [ 16i ] 2) smart self‐cleaning, [ 16j ] and 3) triggered bacterial killing. [ 122 ] These strategies constitute to the pre‐treatment system for protecting implants from bacterial infection.…”