Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipophilic Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin and Camellia Oil Combination in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Abstract

Combination drug therapy has become an effective strategy to control inflammation. Lipophilic grape seed proanthocyanidin (LGSP) and camellia oil (CO) have been independently investigated to show anti-inflammatory effects, but their synergistic anti-inflammatory effects are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of LGSP and CO. The anti-inflammatory activity of LGSP and CO individual or in combination on RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay, Griess reagent, RT-PCR, 2′,7′-dichlorfluoroescein diacetate and Western blot analysis. The combined treatment of LGSP with CO (20 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL) synergistically suppressed the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and ROS. Further studies showed that the synergistic effect was attributed to their suppression of the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential synergistic effect between LGSP and CO in LPS-induced inflammation.

Comparative analysis of bioactive-phytochemical characteristics, antioxidants activities, and anti-inflammatory properties of selected black rice germ and bran (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

“…The positively correlation effects of anthocyanin, total phenolic, total flavonoid with their biological properties might be from synergistic effects. Previous study reported that the combination between phenolic compounds and anthocyanin showed synergistic anti-inflammation effects [ 38 ]. Moreover, the combination of anthocyanin and phenolic extract showed the synergistic effects on inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 cells xenograft mice model [ 39 ].…”

Effects of a grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel on biophysical parameters of facial skin: A split‐face, blinded, placebo‐controlled study

“…This could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of some of the constituents in grapeseed oil like proanthocyanidin. 4,7,8 Previous studies have shown that many botanical extracts including grapeseed oil contain bioactive constituents that can inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities; thus, they can interfere or inhibit inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, histamine, and serotonin. 4,7,8,[18][19][20] Optimizing delivery of these bioactive anti-inflammatory constituents was shown to alleviate signs of inflammation as shown by redness of the skin (erythema), swelling, edema, and pain.…”

“…The novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel used in this study caused a significant reduction in erythema levels over the 12‐week study period compared to the placebo. This could be attributed to the anti‐inflammatory properties of some of the constituents in grapeseed oil like proanthocyanidin 4,7,8 . Previous studies have shown that many botanical extracts including grapeseed oil contain bioactive constituents that can inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities; thus, they can interfere or inhibit inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, histamine, and serotonin 4,7,8,18–20 .…”

“…[4][5][6] Previous studies have shown that grapeseed oils were rich in antioxidants, vitamins, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. 4,5,[7][8][9] These compounds could be beneficial in protecting the human skin against oxidative damage, inflammation, and probably cancer.…”

“…Because of their usefulness in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industry, grapes have been listed among the top 10 all useful plants 4–6 . Previous studies have shown that grapeseed oils were rich in antioxidants, vitamins, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds 4,5,7–9 . These compounds could be beneficial in protecting the human skin against oxidative damage, inflammation, and probably cancer.…”