Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of binary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upregulation of CYP1 activity and mRNA levels in precision-cut rat liver slices

Pushparajah, Daphnee S.; Plant, Kathryn E.; Plant, Nick; Ioannides, Costas

doi:10.1002/tox.22276

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…DALP is one of the strongest carcinogenic PAHs containing a fjord region [29] . The described toxicological mechanisms triggered by different PAHs might lead to interactions and non-additive effects if such compounds occur in mixtures [30] . Hence risk assessment strategies for exposures to PAH mixtures need to be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential cellular metabolite alterations in HaCaT cells caused by exposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-binding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons chrysene, benzo[ a ]pyrene and dibenzo[ a,l ]pyrene

et al. 2016

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the human environment. Since they are present in crude oilfractions used for the production of rubber and plastics, consumers may come into direct dermal contacts with these compounds (e.g., via tool handles) on a daily basis. Some individual PAHs are identified as genotoxic mutagens thereby prompting particular toxicological and environmental concern. Among this group, benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) constitutes a model carcinogen which is also used as reference compound for risk assessment purposes. It acts as a strong agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and becomes metabolically activated toward mutagenic and carcinogenic intermediates by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs). While BAP has been exhaustively characterized with regard to its toxicological properties, there is much less information available for other PAHs. We treated an AHR-proficient immortal human keratinocyte cell line (i.e., HaCaT) with three selected PAHs: BAP, chrysene (CRY) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DALP). Compound-mediated alterations of endogenous metabolites were investigated by an LC–MS/MS-based targeted approach. To examine AHR-dependent changes of the measured metabolites, AHR-deficient HaCaT knockdown cells (AHR-KD) were used for comparison. Our results reveal that 24 metabolites are sufficient to separate the PAH-exposed cells from untreated controls by application of a multivariate model. Alterations in the metabolomics profiles caused by each PAH show influences on the energy and lipid metabolism of the cells indicating reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and β-oxidation. Up-regulation of sphingomyelin levels after exposure to BAP and DALP point to pro-apoptotic processes caused by these two potent PAHs. Our results suggest that in vitro metabolomics can serve as tool to develop bioassays for application in hazard assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%