Synergistic aircraft and ground observations of transported wildfire smoke and its impact on air quality in New York City during the summer 2018 LISTOS campaign

Wu, Yonghua; Nehrir, A. R.; Ren, X.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Huang, Jianping; Stratton, P.; Gronoff, Guillaume; Kooi, S. A.; Collins, J. E.; Berkoff, Timothy A.; Lei, Liqiao; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145030

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It has been previously shown that wildfires smoke concentrations were strongly related the frequency and magnitude of wildfires in eastern US. 13 - 36 In this analysis, industrial and residential wood combustion were included in the industrial sector emissions. According to the 2014 NEI, 14 000 metric tons of PM 2.5 (one-third of industrial emissions) were emitted from biomass burning accounting for approximately 93% of residential wood combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 PM 2.5 levels in eastern US were also significantly affected by wildfires during the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). 23 Increased PM 2.5 , black carbon (BC), and biomass burning tracers in Long Island were associated with smoke plumes from distant fires. The aims of this study were (i) to characterize the spatial and temporal trends of PM 2.5 mass concentrations in the broader NY/NJ MSA airshed and (ii) to investigate the impact of primary PM 2.5 emissions from local transportation and biomass burning on PM 2.5 levels, using publicly available PM 2.5 measurements through the USEPA Air Data system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Singh

Johnson

Kavouras

2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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Declining ambient PM2.5 concentrations have been attributed to fuel consumption standards and emission controls of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosol precursors from transportation and industrial sectors. As a result, the relative contribution of PM2.5 sources is modified, shifting PM2.5 trends, physicochemical characteristics, and health effects. Carbonaceous fine aerosol account for most of PM2.5 mass in the US. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal trends of ambient PM2.5 levels and their association with primary PM2.5 emissions from anthropogenic activities and fires in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan statistical area (NYNJ MSA) airshed. PM2.5 mass concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Air Data. Ambient PM2.5 mass levels declined on average by 47%, at a rate of −0.61 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in urban locations and −0.25 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in upwind and peri-urban locations over the 2007 to 2017 period. The strong spatial gradient in 2007, with high PM2.5 levels in urban locations and low PM2.5 levels in peri-urban locations gradually weakened by 2013 but re-appeared in 2017. Over the same period, primary PM2.5 emissions declined by 52% from transportation, 15% from industrial, and 8% from other anthropogenic sources corresponding to a decrease of 0.8, 0.9, and 0.6 μg/m3 on ambient PM2.5 mass, respectively. Wildland and prescribed fires emissions increased more than 3 times adding 0.8 μg/m3 to ambient PM2.5 mass. These results indicate that (i) fire emissions may impede the effectiveness of existing policies to improve air quality and (ii) the chemical content of PM2.5 may be changing to an evolving mixture of aromatic and oxygenated organic species with differential toxicological responses as compared to inert ammonium sulfate and nitrate salts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Singh

Johnson

Kavouras

2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…VDR λ,r = P ⊥,λ,r P , λ,r K λ (3) where P' ,λ,r and P' ⊥,λ,r are the horizontal and polarization signals, respectively, at various wavelengths λ in the distance r. K λ , C λ , and G λ,r are the lidar polarization calibration ratio, the system lidar constant, and the overlap factor of Raman lidar at wavelength λ in the distance r. AEE aid in the differentiation of fine mode particles (e.g., smoke and industrial aerosols) from coarse mode particles (e.g., dust, sea salt, and cloud). Although fine mode particles show a higher AEE than coarse mode particles, the value of AEE for particles with a significant coarse mode (e.g., desert dust) provides relevant information on the relative influence of coarser particles [52]. A diagram of the data analysis and methods is provided in Figure 2.…”

Section: Lidar Systems and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Structure of Dust Aerosols Observed by a Ground-Based Raman Lidar with Polarization Capabilities in the Center of the Taklimakan Desert

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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The vertical structure of dust properties in desert sources is crucial for evaluating their long-range transportation and radiative forcing. To investigate vertical profiles of dust optical properties in the Taklimakan Desert, we conducted ground-based polarization Raman lidar measurements in Tazhong (83.39°E, 38.58°N, 1103 m above sea level), located at the center of the Taklimakan Desert in the summer of 2019. The lidar system developed by Lanzhou University for continuous network observation is capable of measuring polarization at 532 and 355 nm and detecting Raman signals at 387, 407, and 607 nm. The results indicate that dust aerosols in the central Taklimakan Desert were regularly lifted over 6 km during the summer with a mass concentration of 400–1000 µg m−3, while the majority of the dust remained restricted within 2 km. Moreover, the height of the boundary layer can reach 5–6 km in the afternoon under the strong convention. Above 3 km, dust is composed of finer particles with an effective radius (Reff.) less than 3 μm and a Ångström exponent (AE) related to the extinction coefficient (AEE)532,355 greater than 4; below 3 km, however, dust is dominated by coarser particles. In addition, the particle depolarization ratios (PDR) of Taklimakan dust are 0.32 ± 0.06 at 532 nm and 0.27 ± 0.04 at 355 nm, while the lidar ratios (LRs) are 49 ± 19 sr at 532 nm and 43 ± 12 sr at 355 nm. This study firstly provides information on dust vertical structure and its optical properties in the center of the desert, which may aid in further evaluating their associated impacts on the climate and ecosystem.

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“…Because of its compact design, the instrument can be flown on most research aircraft, including autonomous operation aboard the high-altitude NASA ER-2. The methane DIAL/HSRL configuration has successfully flown in multiple field campaigns (e.g., Davis et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021). This paper focuses on the WV DIAL retrieval framework and results from its maiden flights during the Aeolus cal/val campaign.…”

Section: Halomentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Abstract. Airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) offers a uniquely capable solution to the problem of measuring water vapor (WV) with high precision, accuracy, and resolution throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) airborne WV DIAL was recently developed at NASA Langley Research Center and was first deployed in 2019. It uses four wavelengths near 935 nm to achieve sensitivity over a wide dynamic range and simultaneously employs 1064 nm backscatter and 532 nm high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements for aerosol and cloud profiling. A key component of the WV retrieval framework is flexibly trading resolution for precision to achieve optimal datasets for scientific objectives across scales. An approach to retrieving WV in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere using the strong surface return signal is also presented. The five maiden flights of the HALO WV DIAL spanned the tropics through midlatitudes with a wide range of atmospheric conditions, but opportunities for validation were sparse. Comparisons to dropsonde WV profiles were qualitatively in good agreement, though statistical analysis was impossible due to systematic error in the dropsonde measurements. Comparison of HALO to in situ WV measurements aboard the aircraft showed no substantial bias across 3 orders of magnitude, despite variance (R2=0.66) that may be largely attributed to spatiotemporal variability. Precipitable water vapor measurements from the spaceborne sounders AIRS and IASI compared very well to HALO with R2>0.96 over ocean.

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Synergistic aircraft and ground observations of transported wildfire smoke and its impact on air quality in New York City during the summer 2018 LISTOS campaign

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Vertical Structure of Dust Aerosols Observed by a Ground-Based Raman Lidar with Polarization Capabilities in the Center of the Taklimakan Desert

Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results

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Synergistic aircraft and ground observations of transported wildfire smoke and its impact on air quality in New York City during the summer 2018 LISTOS campaign

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Vertical Structure of Dust Aerosols Observed by a Ground-Based Raman Lidar with Polarization Capabilities in the Center of the Taklimakan Desert

Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area