Synergistes jonesii, gen. nov., sp.nov.: A Rumen Bacterium That Degrades Toxic Pyridinediols

Allison, Milton J.; Mayberry, W. R.; McSweeney, Christopher S.; Stahl, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80111-6

Cited by 210 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although some of them are thermophiles, many share the ability to use elemental sulfur or thiosulfate as a hydrogen (electron) sink and grow by fermentation of amino acids or other organic compounds to produce H # S (Rees et al, 1997 ;Baena et al, 1999a). Others, such as Synergistes jonesii, isolated from the rumen of a goat, and Aminomonas paucivorans, live in habitats where hydrogen would be removed continuously by methanogens or other H # -scavanging organisms (Allison et al, 1992 ;McSweeny et al, 1993 ;Baena et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dethiosulfovibrio russensis sp. nov., Dethosulfovibrio marinus sp. nov. and Dethosulfovibrio acidaminovorans sp. nov., novel anaerobic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria isolated from 'Thiodendron' sulfur mats in different saline environments.

Surkov

Дубинина²,

Lysenko³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The pH limits for growth were 5 5 to 8 0, with optimal growth at pH 6 5-7 0. All isolates were obligately anaerobic and slightly halophilic and grew in media containing 0 5-5 % NaCl with an optimum at 2 % NaCl. All strains were chemoorganoheterotrophic, having a fermentative type of metabolism and utilized proteins, peptides, amino acids and some organic acids, but not sugars, fatty acids or alcohols. Some organic substrates (isoleucine, valine, alanine, glutamate) were utilized only by strain SR12 T in the presence of sulfur or thiosulfate. Fermentation of citrate yielded mainly acetate, CO 2 and H 2 . Sulfur and thiosulfate were reduced to hydrogen sulfide during the fermentation of organic substances, which increased cell yields and growth rates. Sulfate, sulfite, fumarate, nitrate, Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , DMSO and elemental selenium were not used as electron acceptors by these strains. The GMC contents of the DNA were 51 mol % for strains SR12 T , SR13 and SR15 T and 52 mol % for strain WS100 T . Based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic similarities, all four isolates could be assigned to three new species of the genus Dethiosulfovibrio, named Dethiosulfovibrio russensis (type strain DSM 12538 T ), Dethiosulfovibrio marinus (type strain DSM 12537 T ) and Dethiosulfovibrio acidaminovorans (type strain DSM 12590 T ).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dethiosulfovibrio russensis sp. nov., Dethosulfovibrio marinus sp. nov. and Dethosulfovibrio acidaminovorans sp. nov., novel anaerobic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria isolated from 'Thiodendron' sulfur mats in different saline environments.

Surkov

Дубинина²,

Lysenko³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…One example is the non-protein amino acid mimosine which is found in the tropical legume Leucaena leucocephala. Although mimosine is toxic, it has been found that ruminants can graze Leucaena following an adaptive change in the rumen microflora favouring proliferation of Synergistes jonesii which facilitates detoxification of the mimosine derivative (40)(41)(42) . In terms of potential beneficial effects on ruminant digestion, two groups of compounds have attracted most attention; the condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) and phenolics.…”

Section: Plant-based Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-based strategies towards minimising ‘livestock's long shadow’

et al. 2010

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Ruminant farming is an important component of the human food chain. Ruminants can use offtake from land unsuitable for cereal crop cultivation via interaction with the diverse microbial population in their rumens. The rumen is a continuous flow fermenter for the digestion of ligno-cellulose, with microbial protein and fermentation end-products incorporated by the animal directly or during post-ruminal digestion. However, ruminal fermentation is inefficient in capturing the nutrient resource presented, resulting in environmental pollution and generation of greenhouse gases. Methane is generated as a consequence of ruminal fermentation and poor retention of ingested forage nitrogen causes nitrogenous pollution of water and land and contributes to the generation of nitrous oxide. One possible cause is the imbalanced provision of dietary substrates to the rumen micro-organisms. Deamination of amino acids by ammonia-producing bacteria liberates ammonia which can be assimilated by the rumen bacteria and used for microbial protein synthesis. However, when carbohydrate is limiting, microbial growth is slow, meaning low demand for ammonia for microbial protein synthesis and excretion of the excess. Protein utilisation can therefore be improved by increasing the availability of readily fermentable sugars in forage or by making protein unavailable for proteolysis through complexing with plant secondary products. Alternatively, realisation that grazing cattle ingest living cells has led to the discovery that plant cells undergo endogenous, stress-mediated protein degradation due to the exposure to rumen conditions. This presents the opportunity to decrease the environmental impact of livestock farming by using decreased proteolysis as a selection tool for the development of improved pasture grass varieties. Ruminant: Protein: Nitrogen: Methane: Grass: Clover: Forage Making assessments of the impact and value of livestock farming is complex. The rearing of domestic livestock is important in food production, although there are conflicts between the use of land for production of animal feed as opposed to producing grain for human consumption (1) . The livestock sector is economically valuable. Livestock contributes 1 . 4 % of global gross domestic product providing employment for 20% of the global population in both developed and developing countries (1) . Livestock products can provide an important addition to diet especially in the developing world, providing key vitamins and nutrients. Indeed, the consumption of meat has been linked to both physical and mental development in children (2) , but in the developed world over-consumption of meat has been linked to development of serious health problems (3) . Current projections estimate that the global demand for meat and milk will have doubled by 2050 compared with that at the onset of the 21st century (4) . This is being driven by demographic changes, (the emergence of a larger, but older population) and economic growth (1) . Increased demand for livestock products comes mostl...

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“…It was subsequently demonstrated that cultures of ruminal bacteria from a goat fed Leucaena, without ill effect, in Hawaii could prevent DHP excretion and toxicity in Australian cattle receiving Leucaena (Jones and Megarrity, 1986). There was only one species responsible, a Gram-negative anaerobe now named Synergistes jonesii, a unique anaerobe not closely related to any other ruminal bacteria (Allison et al, 1992). Its geographical distribution appears to be limited, being absent in Africa and much of Asia as well as Australia (Jones, 1994).…”

Section: Oxalate Utilisersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Wallace¹

2008

Animal

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Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-encoding gene sequences from gut microbial ecosystems reveals bewildering genetic diversity. Some metabolic functions, such as glucose utilisation, are fairly widespread throughout the genetic spectrum. Others, however, are not. Despite so many phylotypes being present, single species or perhaps only two or three species often carry out key functions. Among ruminal bacteria, only three species can break down highly structured cellulose, despite the prevalence and importance of cellulose in ruminant diets, and one of those species, Fibrobacter succinogenes, is distantly related to the most abundant ruminal species. Fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen, particularly the final step of biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, stearate formation, is achieved only by a small sub-group of bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Individuals who lack Oxalobacter formigenes fail to metabolise oxalate and suffer kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate. Perhaps the most celebrated example of the difference a single species can make is the 'mimosine story' in ruminants. Mimosine is a toxic amino acid found in the leguminous plant, Leucaena leucocephala. Mimosine can cause thyroid problems by being converted to the goitrogen, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone, in the rumen. Observations that mimosine-containing plants were toxic to ruminants in some countries but not others led to the discovery of Synergistes jonesii, which metabolises 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone and protects animals from toxicity. Thus, despite the complexities indicated by molecular microbial ecology and genomics, it should never be forgotten that gut communities contain important metabolic niches inhabited by species with highly specific metabolic capability.

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Synergistes jonesii, gen. nov., sp.nov.: A Rumen Bacterium That Degrades Toxic Pyridinediols

Cited by 210 publications

References 20 publications

Dethiosulfovibrio russensis sp. nov., Dethosulfovibrio marinus sp. nov. and Dethosulfovibrio acidaminovorans sp. nov., novel anaerobic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria isolated from 'Thiodendron' sulfur mats in different saline environments.

Dethiosulfovibrio russensis sp. nov., Dethosulfovibrio marinus sp. nov. and Dethosulfovibrio acidaminovorans sp. nov., novel anaerobic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria isolated from 'Thiodendron' sulfur mats in different saline environments.

Plant-based strategies towards minimising ‘livestock's long shadow’

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

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