Synergies between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass

Huber, George W.; Corma, Avelino

doi:10.1002/anie.200604504

Cited by 1,243 publications

(667 citation statements)

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“…Some pyrolysis oils may also carry significant amounts of nitrogenated compounds such as nitriles and pyridines, and are not recommended for processing in FCC without pretreatment, as the high poisoning effect of such compounds is well known [57][58] Triglycerides processing did not pose specific problems in testing, being readily miscible in petroleum oils and lacking contaminants such as Conradson Carbon, metals, sulphur. It also has a relatively low content in oxygen, bound in the form of acid functions that are easier to remove [59]. A variety of catalysts were tested in fixed bed, from Y and ZSM5 zeolite to mesoporous materials such as MCM41 [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Oils From Biomass and Opportunity Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

FCC testing at bench scale: New units, new processes, new feeds

Corma

Sauvanaud

2013

Catalysis Today

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As the FCC process has evolved over decades, several laboratory scale equipment have appeared to maintain a proper assessment of catalysts activity. Several laboratory equipments are available for simulating the FCC process, from the well known fixed bed, MicroActivity Test to newer, fluid bed or transported bed units. As well, a number of units have been created to simulate other parts of the process such as regenerator or stripper, The increased pressure for treating non-conventional feeds, from reprocessing gasoline to extra-heavy feeds or oils produced from biomass containing large amounts of heteroatoms, increase the needs to have a laboratory test which is as close as possible to the process so that data extraction from the laboratory test are simplified, thus less prone to errors or misunderstanding. KeywordsLaboratory testing, catalytic cracking, naphtha cracking, coked catalyst, biooil cracking Highlights• FCC process is adapting to new feeds and new processes• Heavy resid feeds and biomass-derived feeds are being extensively tested • Significant operation and process changes are contemplated to squeeze maximum value from feeds: naphtha reprocessing, use of partially coked catalysts, several independent risers. 3

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Section: Oils From Biomass and Opportunity Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

FCC testing at bench scale: New units, new processes, new feeds

Corma

Sauvanaud

2013

Catalysis Today

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“…The hydro-deoxygenation process, therefore, is considered as a vital process in the upgrading of biomass, perhaps even more so than cracking. However, catalytic cracking might be preferred because it has some significant advantages, i.e., it does not require hydrogen, operates at atmospheric pressure, and has a lower operating cost (Huber and Corma 2007). Consequently, the zeolite cracking of pyrolysis oils to fuels and chemicals using HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts, which promote deoxygenation reactions, has attracted significant attention in recent years (Vitolo et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

2015

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An attempt was made to generate gasoline-range aromatics from pyrolysis oil derived from rubberwood. Catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis oil was conducted using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a dual reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and nitrogen flow rate were investigated to determine the yield of organic liquid product (OLP) and the percentage of gasoline aromatics in the OLP. The results showed that the maximum OLP yield was about 13.6 wt%, which was achieved at 511 C, a catalyst weight of 3.2 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. The maximum percentage of gasoline aromatics was about 27 wt%, which was obtained at 595 C, a catalyst weight of 5 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. Although the yield of gasoline aromatics was low, the expected components were detected in the OLP, including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These findings demonstrated that green gasoline aromatics can be produced from rubberwood pyrolysis oil via zeolite cracking. University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; * Corresponding author: sukritthira.b@psu.ac.th Keywords: Pyrolysis oil; Zeolite cracking; Organic liquid product (OLP); Green gasoline-range aromatics Contact information: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla INTRODUCTIONBiomass represents a potential alternative source of energy, which is an important complement to fossil fuels. As such, it attracted significant attention as a renewable source of energy after the global oil crisis of the 1970s (Demirbas 2007;Lucia 2008;Demirbas et al. 2009). In addition, biomass currently is considered to be the only sustainable source that can be used to produce energy-related products, including electricity, heat, and valuable chemicals such as resins, flavorings, and other materials (Huber et al. 2006;Dodds and Gross 2007).The first generation of biofuels were primarily bioethanol and biodiesel made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. To date, such biofuels have been widely produced across several countries and continents, notably Brazil, South America, Europe, and the United States (Charles et al. 2007;Mojoviä et al. 2009); however, they have been produced from food-grade biomass, which could lead to critical concerns related to food security (Gronowska et al. 2009). Therefore, it is very important to be able to produce biofuels from non-food resources such as ligno-cellulosic materials: wood chips, switch grasses and most importantly agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice straw.Pyrolysis oils derived from wood-based biomass are one of the most promising renewable fuels. They are environmentally-friendly candidates because they contain a low content of sulfur compared to fossil-derived oils (Czernik and Bridgwater 2004). Recently, extensive attention has been focused on the technology of fast pyrolysis rather than slow pyrolysis, as the former produces high yield of pyrolysis oil with low water content in a PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Saad et al. (2015). "Cr...

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“…It should be noted that the properties of the hydroprocessed products obtained from 4 | J. Name., 2015, 00, [1][2][3][4] This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx esterified lignin residue in tall oil, concerning distillation curve, composition and density, fits well into EN590 specifications of road diesel.…”

Section: Fig 3 Complete Hsqc Spectra Of: a -Precipitated Kraft Lignimentioning

confidence: 55%

Green Diesel from Kraft Lignin in Three Steps

et al. 2016

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Precipitated kraft lignin from black liquor was converted into green diesel in three steps. A mild Ni‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis using 2‐propanol generated a lignin residue in which the ethers, carbonyls, and olefins were reduced. An organocatalyzed esterification of the lignin residue with an in situ prepared tall oil fatty acid anhydride gave an esterified lignin residue that was soluble in light gas oil. The esterified lignin residue was coprocessed with light gas oil in a continous hydrotreater to produce a green diesel. This approach will enable the development of new techniques to process commercial lignin in existing oil refinery infrastructures to standardized transportation fuels in the future.

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Synergies between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass

Cited by 1,243 publications

References 78 publications

FCC testing at bench scale: New units, new processes, new feeds

FCC testing at bench scale: New units, new processes, new feeds

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Green Diesel from Kraft Lignin in Three Steps

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