Synergetic effect of synthesized sulfonated polyaniline/quaternized graphene and its application as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Abstract

A new hybrid sulfonated polyaniline/quaternized graphene (s-PANINa/q-graphene) is prepared by electrostatic and p-p interactions between positively charged quaternized graphene (q-graphene) and negatively charged sulfonated polyaniline (s-PANINa). The introduction of the s-PANINa into the q-graphene sheets leads to the formation of nanohybrid with layered morphology and high electrical conductivity. The electrochemical performance of s-PANINa/q-graphene nanohybrid as an electrode material for supercapacitors application is evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests in 1.0 M of H 2 SO 4 as an electrolyte. The maximum capacitance of 682 F g -1 is obtained for s-PANINa/qgraphene nanohybrid at the current density of 1.0 A g -1 . 70.0% retention of the initial specific capacitance (from current density of 1.0-30 A g -1 ), which indicates the excellent rate capability and consequently high power characteristics of s-PANINa/q-graphene nanohybrid. Moreover, the proposed nanohybrid shows an excellent stability (less than 5% drop after 2000 cycles) with about 100% of coulombic efficiency. The improved electrochemical performance because of the synergistic effects between q-graphene and the s-PANINa indicates that nanohybrid is a good candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.

Post-Synthetic Color Tuning of the Ultra-Effective and Highly Stable Surface-Confined Electrochromic Monolayer: Shades of Green for Camouflage Materials

“…Thus, strong synergetic electrostatic interactions between negatively charged sulfonated polyaniline and positively charged quaternized graphene (q-graphene), made by selective modification of quaternary ammonium sites in the edges and defects of graphene, result in the hybrid supercapacitor material with superior electrochemical performance, excellent rate capability, and high power characteristics. 5 Importantly, even a small extent of the quaternization results in significant changes of the properties of the materials, making this post-synthetic modification a powerful tool to embed new properties into existing materials. 6 The impact of N-quaternization on the properties of electrochromic (EC) molecules is widely studied for viologens, which are small organic electrochromes prepared by Nquaternization of the derivatives of 4,4-bipyridine.…”

“…Post-synthetic incorporation of the localized charges into the material by N-quaternization allows the creation of novel interesting hybrid materials using electrostatic forces. Thus, strong synergetic electrostatic interactions between negatively charged sulfonated polyaniline and positively charged quaternized graphene (q-graphene), made by selective modification of quaternary ammonium sites in the edges and defects of graphene, result in the hybrid supercapacitor material with superior electrochemical performance, excellent rate capability, and high power characteristics . Importantly, even a small extent of the quaternization results in significant changes of the properties of the materials, making this post-synthetic modification a powerful tool to embed new properties into existing materials …”

Fabrication of a Highly Conductive Silk Knitted Composite Scaffold by Two-Step Electrostatic Self-Assembly for Potential Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…27 In addition, because ANI is a good electron donor while GO is a good electron acceptor, a weak charge formed by an ANI monomer and GO structure on a surface will result in electrostatic attraction; therefore, GO can be used as a chemical dopant for PANI. 28,29 In recent years, electrostatic assembly of GO/PANI on fabrics surface has become a new research topic, 30 mainly for its use as an electrode material for capacitors and smart wearable textiles.…”

“…In particular, GO has different oxygen-rich functional groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups, which are easily soluble in water and have electro­negativity, so GO is easily adsorbed to the positively charged amino group of silk and reduced to RGO in acidic aqueous solution. , As a conductive polymer with good prospects, PANI has advantages of easy synthesis, good conductivity, and stable performance, , but its poor solubility, biodegradability, and processability also limit its use in the biological field. , Because of the good film-forming properties of PANI, in situ polymerization of aniline (ANI) on fabric surfaces is commonly used to prepare PANI conductive textiles. , This method can not only give fabrics good electrical conductivity but also overcome the shortcomings of PANI, such as brittleness, to obtain good mechanical properties . In addition, because ANI is a good electron donor while GO is a good electron acceptor, a weak charge formed by an ANI monomer and GO structure on a surface will result in electrostatic attraction; therefore, GO can be used as a chemical dopant for PANI. , In recent years, electrostatic assembly of GO/PANI on fabrics surface has become a new research topic, mainly for its use as an electrode material for capacitors and smart wearable textiles. Here, we will explore its potential application in peripheral nerve regeneration.…”

Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrode Materials via Molecular Imprinting of Nitrogenous Ligands and Iron Complexes into Carbon Support

“…2,10 However, hybrid materials, combining the electrostatic interactions from the carbon electrodes and Pseudofaradaic or Faradaic (redox) processes from the suitable dopant(s), so-called supercapacitors (SCs), could resolve this limitation and offer increased charge storing capability and energy density. 6,11,12 Rare earth transition metal metal-oxides (Ruthenium (Ru) oxide etc) are often used as dopants due to the ability of the metal center to adopt multiple valence states and support multiple redox processes that are elevating charge transfer and energy storage properties of the materials, however high cost of the dopant hindering large scale application of the materials. 1,[13][14][15] Doping of carbon materials with heteroatoms (i.e.…”