Formation of formic
acid from renewable biomass resources is of
great interest since formic acid is a widely used platform chemical
and has recently been regarded as an important liquid hydrogen carrier.
Herein, a novel approach is reported for the conversion of glucose,
the constituent carbohydrate from the cellulose fraction of biomass,
to formic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions with simultaneous
reduction of Ag
2
O to Ag. Results showed that glucose was
selectively converted to formic acid with an optimum yield of 40.7%
and glycolic acid with a yield of 6.1% with 53.2% glucose converting
to carbon dioxide (CO
2
) immediately at a mild reaction
temperature of 135 °C for 30 min. In addition, Ag
2
O was used as a solid oxidant for glucose oxidation, which avoids
the use of traditionally dangerous liquid oxidant H
2
O
2
. Furthermore, complete conversion of Ag
2
O to Ag
can be achieved. This study not only developed a new method for value-added
chemical production from renewable biomass but also explored an alternative
low-carbon and energy-saving route for silver extraction and recovery.