Synephrine and phenylephrine act as α‐amylase, α‐glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase enzymes inhibitors

Abstract

In this paper, synephrine and phenylephrine compounds showed excellent inhibitory effects against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I and II, α-amylase, α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Synephrine and phenylephrine had K values of 199.02 ± 16.01 and 65.01 ± 5.00 μM against hCA I and 336.02 ± 74.01 and 92.04 ± 18.03 μM against hCA II, respectively. On the other hand, their K values were found to be 169.10 ± 80.03 and 88.03 ± 5.01 nM against AChE and 177.06 ± 6.01 and 78.03 ± 3.05 nM against BChE, respectively. α-Amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes were easily inhibited by these compounds. α-Glycosidase inhibitors, generally defined to as starch blockers, are anti-diabetic drugs that help to decrease post comestible blood glucose levels.

Novel amides of 1,1‐bis‐(carboxymethylthio)‐1‐arylethanes: Synthesis, characterization, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties

“…A well-recorded CA inhibitor, AZA, also some other CA inhibitors such as methazolamide, topiramate, and zonisamide, were agreed for the therapy of epileptic disorders and epilepsy, and these are yet used in the absence, myoclonic, partial, and primary generalized tonicclonic seizures in composition with other antiepileptic drugs or in resistant epilepsy [45][46][47][48][49] . A well-recorded CA inhibitor, AZA, also some other CA inhibitors such as methazolamide, topiramate, and zonisamide, were agreed for the therapy of epileptic disorders and epilepsy, and these are yet used in the absence, myoclonic, partial, and primary generalized tonicclonic seizures in composition with other antiepileptic drugs or in resistant epilepsy [45][46][47][48][49] .…”

The impact of some natural phenolic compounds on carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α‐glycosidase enzymes: An antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antiepileptic study

“…α‐Glycosidase (α‐Gly, E.C.3.2.1.20) enzyme, existing in the brush‐border surface membrane of intestinal cells, has created particular interest from the pharmaceutical research association because it was recorded that the inhibition of this enzyme led to the reduction of glucose absorption and postprandial blood glucose amount …”

Synthesis of some novel pyridine compounds containing bis‐1,2,4‐triazole/thiosemicarbazide moiety and investigation of their antioxidant properties, carbonic anhydrase, and acetylcholinesterase enzymes inhibition profiles

“…The membrane‐associated isoenzyme hCA IV, together with hCA II isoform, is a drug purposed for stroke and retinitis pigmentosa, in addition to glaucoma . AChE inhibitors (AChEIs) that penetrate the blood–brain barrier have recorded beneficial in the symptomatic treat of AD . Accordingly, AChE activity designation is consequential and for the improvement of AD therapies, AChE inhibition coupled with an increase in Ach levels is adequate .…”