Syndromic surveillance – a public health legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games

Elliot, Alex J; Morbey, Roger; Hughes, Helen E.; Harcourt, Sally; Smith, Sue; Loveridge, Paul; Edeghere, Obaghe; Ibbotson, Sue; McCloskey, Brian; Catchpole, Mike; Smith, Gillian

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2013.05.007

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…During international multisport events, public health surveillance is intended to identify and quantify-or to reassure in the absence of-public health threats to allow for timely action, if necessary (5,8,10). Enhanced public health surveillance planning and response is not required for all mass gatherings; its usefulness depends on a number of factors: the type of event, geographic area, duration and number of international visitors.…”

Section: Implementation Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health surveillance for the Toronto 2015 Pan/Parapan American Games

Chan

Hohenadel

Lee

et al. 2017

Canada Communicable Disease Report

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Section: Implementation Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health surveillance for the Toronto 2015 Pan/Parapan American Games

Chan

Hohenadel

Lee

et al. 2017

Canada Communicable Disease Report

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“…1 We have published papers about the public health implications of mass gatherings in previous issues, with the 2012 Olympic Games in London probably the biggest in recent times. 2 But the Hajj is different, not least because of its unique scale as an annual event, and, for example, for the hundreds of thousands of people employed in security roles alone. The Saudi Government oversees arrangements to ensure the safety of the pilgrims and will be conducting an investigation into this tragic incident during this 2015 Hajj.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The language of the masses

Sim

Mackie

2015

Public Health

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“…The real-time syndromic surveillance team at Public Health England (PHE) co-ordinates a suite of syndromic surveillance systems in order to provide early warning of outbreaks of infectious disease, situational awareness during a public health incident, and reassurance of lack of impact [2–5]. These syndromic surveillance systems are used to complement and support existing public health surveillance programmes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting for day of the week and public holiday effects: improving a national daily syndromic surveillance service for detecting public health threats

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAs service provision and patient behaviour varies by day, healthcare data used for public health surveillance can exhibit large day of the week effects. These regular effects are further complicated by the impact of public holidays. Real-time syndromic surveillance requires the daily analysis of a range of healthcare data sources, including family doctor consultations (called general practitioners, or GPs, in the UK). Failure to adjust for such reporting biases during analysis of syndromic GP surveillance data could lead to misinterpretations including false alarms or delays in the detection of outbreaks.The simplest smoothing method to remove a day of the week effect from daily time series data is a 7-day moving average. Public Health England developed the working day moving average in an attempt also to remove public holiday effects from daily GP data. However, neither of these methods adequately account for the combination of day of the week and public holiday effects.MethodsThe extended working day moving average was developed. This is a further data-driven method for adding a smooth trend curve to a time series graph of daily healthcare data, that aims to take both public holiday and day of the week effects into account. It is based on the assumption that the number of people seeking healthcare services is a combination of illness levels/severity and the ability or desire of patients to seek healthcare each day. The extended working day moving average was compared to the seven-day and working day moving averages through application to data from two syndromic indicators from the GP in-hours syndromic surveillance system managed by Public Health England.ResultsThe extended working day moving average successfully smoothed the syndromic healthcare data by taking into account the combined day of the week and public holiday effects. In comparison, the seven-day and working day moving averages were unable to account for all these effects, which led to misleading smoothing curves.ConclusionsThe results from this study make it possible to identify trends and unusual activity in syndromic surveillance data from GP services in real-time independently of the effects caused by day of the week and public holidays, thereby improving the public health action resulting from the analysis of these data.

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Syndromic surveillance – a public health legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

Public health surveillance for the Toronto 2015 Pan/Parapan American Games

Public health surveillance for the Toronto 2015 Pan/Parapan American Games

The language of the masses

Correcting for day of the week and public holiday effects: improving a national daily syndromic surveillance service for detecting public health threats

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