Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Secretion Caused by Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx: Case Report

Abstract

The Paraneoplastic syndromes include the disorders that accompany benign or malignant tumors but are not directly related to mass effects or invasion by the primary tumor or its metastases. Neoplastic cells can produce a variety of peptides that exert biologic actions at local and distant sites and can elicit responses that cause a variety of hormonal, hematologic, dermatologic and neurologic symptoms. Almost every type of malignancy has the potential to produce hormones or cytokines or to induce immunologic responses. Lung cancers, both non-small cell and small cell, are capable of producing a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes. The majority of such syndromes are caused by small cell carcinomas, including many endocrinopathies. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has been commonly associated with small cell carcinoma and is often seen in these patients. However, SIADH associated with squamous cell carcinoma has rarely been reported on, and the mechanism for this rare association is still unknown. We present here a case of a 77-yr-old man who developed SIADH caused by squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx.

Metastatic Primary Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Uncommon Presentation of a Rare Malignancy

“…Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, dysphagia, melena, hematochezia, and weight loss. SIADH has not been reported in a PGSCC previously; however, it has been seen in other sites of squamous cell carcinomas [12]. A hyponatremia workup was performed including Urine Osmolality (353 mOsm/kg) and Urine Sodium (<20 mmol/L).…”

Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone Secondary to Non-Cirrhotic Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Many researchers have found the AVP gene not only in small-cell carcinoma but also in undifferentiated carcinoma [ 14 ] and anaplastic carcinoma [ 15 ]. However, they have failed to find the AVP gene in squamous cell carcinoma [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone in Esophageal Cancer Patient

“…The cause is thought to be due to the tumor producing substances similar to ADH [ 3 ]. Malignancy is one of the most common causes of SIADH, although many other nonneoplastic causes including lung disease, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and the use of certain drugs associated with the occurrence of SIADH [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Reportedly, around 67% of SIADH cases were found in cancer patients, where the majority (70%) were type of small cell lung cancer.…”

“…Reportedly, around 67% of SIADH cases were found in cancer patients, where the majority (70%) were type of small cell lung cancer. Very rare cases of SIADH are reported in patients with esophageal carcinoma and carcinoma in other tissues with histological features of squamous cell carcinoma [ 5 ]. Hyponatremia due to SIADH is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from the underlying disease [ 4 , 6 , 7 ].…”