Syndiotactic Polystyrene

Malanga, M.; Newman, Thomas H.

doi:10.1002/0471440264.pst362

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…5 With the manufacturing process described above, a wide variety of basic grades of syndiotactic polystyrenes can be produced. Besides syndiotactic polystyrene, homopolymers and copolymers of various comonomer contents leading to products of various melting temperatures, polymers with a weight-average molecular weight from very low to low and medium to high showing very different melt flow rates at about the same melting temperature can be obtained as indicated by the product specifications in Table II.…”

Section: Table II Product Specifications Of Basic Grades Of Syndiotacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first commercial SPS plant worldwide at a capacity of about 36 000 t/year in Schkopau, Germany, opened in 1999, and continued by Idemitsu Kosan in a modernized production facility in Chiba, Japan, in 2006. 5 However, with the exception of patents, there is little information about the manufacturing processes of syndiotactic polystyrene in the literature. 5,6 Therefore, some detailed investigations on the manufacturing process are described as follows, together with a presentation of selected applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5 However, with the exception of patents, there is little information about the manufacturing processes of syndiotactic polystyrene in the literature. 5,6 Therefore, some detailed investigations on the manufacturing process are described as follows, together with a presentation of selected applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Syndiotactic polystyrene: Process and applications

Schellenberg

Leder

2006

Adv Polym Technol

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ABSTRACT:In this review, a summary is provided of the manufacturing process for syndiotactic polystyrene together with an overview of applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes, including selected examples of typical applications. The manufacturing process of syndiotactic polystyrene, consists of several basic sections: catalyst premix preparation, monomer treatment, polymerization reaction using a powder bed reactor together with an evaporative cooling system, devolatilization and extrusion, and finally finishing, including cooling and crystallization of the strands. This process is suitable for providing a wide range of syndiotactic polystyrenes comprising homopolymers, with a broad range of melt flow rates as well as copolymers of various comonomer contents, leading to products with various melting temperatures. Essential relationships and correlations of the separate process stages are demonstrated, in addition to useful analytical methods to control the process. These polymers' unique combination of heat resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical properties has led to their successful application in automotive, electrical and electronics, consumer and industrial uses.

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Section: Table II Product Specifications Of Basic Grades Of Syndiotacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syndiotactic polystyrene: Process and applications

Schellenberg

Leder

2006

Adv Polym Technol

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“…The good electrical properties (low dielectric constant (2.6) and low dissipation factor) make sPS suitable for electrical applications such as connectors, plugs, and sockets. Because the material is very light and warpage is less of a problem, sPS can surely substitute for other lightweight metals in their product applications [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Syndiotactic Polystyrene to Microspheres for Part Manufacturing through Selective Laser Sintering

2016

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Syndiotactic polystyrene pellets were processed into powder form using mechanical (ball milling, rotor milling) and physicochemical (spray drying) techniques with the intention of using it as feed material for selective laser sintering. New materials are an important component in broadening the application window for selective laser sintering but must meet strict requirements to be used. Particles obtained were characterized in size and shape using SEM imaging, analyzed by software, and compared to the product obtained by conventional ball milling. Rotor milling and spray drying proved capable of making spherical powders, yet only rotor milling achieved particles with a mean diameter within the desired range of 45-97 µm. Subsequently, the obtained powders were examined for the effect each processing technique imparts on the intrinsic properties of the material. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed amorphization for all methods and a reduction in crystallinity after processing, however, the reduction in crystallinity was acceptably low for the spray-dried and rotor-milled powders. Ball milling displayed an exceptional reduction in crystallinity, suggesting severe degradation. As a final test, the rotor-milled powder was subjected to single-layer test and displayed good coalescence and smooth morphology, albeit with a large amount of warpage.

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“…[1] Since this time, such polymers as well as the polymerization reactions catalyzed by these transition metal compounds have been investigated in great detail [2,3] and ensured a successful commercialization of syndiospecific polymers and copolymers of styrene. [4] However, and in accordance with investigations on other polymers received by coordination polymerization reactions, the effect of impurities on the polymerization activity of the catalyst system has seldom been investigated and presented in publications. Usually such issues are covered by patents with the aim to find possibilities and processes to remove such impurities before using monomers in polymerization reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Impurities on the Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Styrene

Schellenberg

2005

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: The effect of impurities on the coordination polymerization has generally been classified and discussed in different ways and has been investigated in detail in the syndiospecific homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene. With regard to impurities of styrene, phenylacetylene as an unpolar impurity containing separate multiple bonds, 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol and ω‐hydroxyacetophenone as examples of polar impurities, and ethylbenzene as an other unpolar impurity have been investigated regarding the effect on the polymerization rate and the influence on the molecular properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes. In the syndiospecific copolymerization with p‐methylstyrene, indene shows a different behavior regarding the decrease of the polymerization conversion depending on the comonomer concentrations present in the monomer mixture. Additionally, the effect of impurities of the catalyst system on the syndiospecific styrene polymerization has been demonstrated, particularly of octahydrofluorene as a component of the transition metal compound and of trimethylaluminium as a component of the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane. All results have been discussed with respect to the mechanisms of the effects on polymerization behavior and on polymer properties.

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Syndiotactic Polystyrene

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Syndiotactic polystyrene: Process and applications

Syndiotactic polystyrene: Process and applications

Processing of Syndiotactic Polystyrene to Microspheres for Part Manufacturing through Selective Laser Sintering

Effect of Impurities on the Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Styrene

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