Syncing Phenology Phase and Canopy Spectral Reflectance of Common Tree Species of Four Forest Covers in India

Plugging the Gaps in the Global PhenoCam Monitoring of Forests—The Need for a PhenoCam Network across Indian Forests

“…Land surface phenology (LSP) is the term generally used to represent vegetation phenology derived using satellite-based remote sensing estimated from vegetation indices (VI) or biophysical variables [22,23]. Multiple studies have confirmed the shift in phenological timing at a regional and global scale due to a shift in climatic conditions, such as changes in precipitation, temperature patterns, and a shift in snowfall timings [4,7]. Using satellite data, the phenological study at a global scale has confirmed a significant advancement in the SOS by 0.38 days per year, a delay in the EOS by 0.45 days per year, and a global increase in the LOS by 0.8 days per year [24].…”

“…Phenology is the science that deals with the study of recurrent events in the biological lifecycle and how these lifecycle events are influenced by temporal changes in biotic and abiotic factors [1]. Plant phenology indicates significant seasonal events, such as sprouting, leaf development, flowering, fruiting, and leaf fall in a plant's life cycle, which influences ecosystem functions via controlling energy and carbon through interactions between the atmosphere and plant communities [2][3][4]. The climate is the major controlling factor (temperature, water availability, and day length), although non-climatic parameters, such as altitude, slope, shadings, soil properties, and nutrient availability, may also affect plant phenology [5,6].…”