Synchrotron X-Ray-Based Functional and Anatomical Lung Imaging Techniques

Bayat, Sam; Dullin, Christian; Kitchen, Marcus John; Lovrić, Goran

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00368-5_10

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The problem may be solvable with grossly redundant tomographic data, but this might require X-ray doses that are not tolerated by the tissue, so that 4D imaging of lung at micrometer level may remain terminal experiments. The conditions and technical solutions have been discussed recently by several authors [5,25,26].…”

Section: D X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feasibility of Xe-KES in human imaging was first demonstrated by Giacomini and collaborators in 1998 [42]. Later, this approach was used to study different pulmonary diseases in animal models [25]. Xenon is the next element to iodine in the periodic table, so that the X-ray instrumentation initially developed for coronary angiography at the iodine K-edge was easily adapted to imaging at the Xe K-edge (34.56 keV).…”

Section: Kes Functional Lung Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have been crucial for understanding the transition of the cardiopulmonary system to life after birth. The findings have guided development of safer methods of resuscitating premature infants at birth who fail to breathe without medical intervention [25].…”

Section: Phase-contrast Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach involves gating the acquisition of individual image projections with the cardiac and respiratory motions. Moreover, the exposure time of each image projection needs to be reduced as the microscopic features of interest become smaller, which makes 4DCT microscopy technically challenging [25]. The high photon flux and coherence of synchrotron radiation are necessary for this technique, as well as accurate physiologic signal acquisition and control software allowing precise triggering of all components of the image acquisition process [65].…”

Section: Phase-contrast Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications

et al. 2020

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Many lung disease processes are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity that is not directly appreciable with traditional physiological measurements. Experimental methods and lung function modeling to study regional lung function are crucial for better understanding of disease mechanisms and for targeting treatment. Synchrotron radiation offers useful properties to this end: coherence, utilized in phase-contrast imaging, and high flux and a wide energy spectrum which allow the selection of very narrow energy bands of radiation, thus allowing imaging at very specific energies. K-edge subtraction imaging (KES) has thus been developed at synchrotrons for both human and small animal imaging. The unique properties of synchrotron radiation extend X-ray computed tomography (CT) capabilities to quantitatively assess lung morphology, and also to map regional lung ventilation, perfusion, inflammation and biomechanical properties, with microscopic spatial resolution. Four-dimensional imaging, allows the investigation of the dynamics of regional lung functional parameters simultaneously with structural deformation of the lung as a function of time. This review summarizes synchrotron radiation imaging methods and overviews examples of its application in the study of disease mechanisms in preclinical animal models, as well as the potential for clinical translation both through the knowledge gained using these techniques and transfer of imaging technology to laboratory X-ray sources.

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Section: D X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kes Functional Lung Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase-contrast Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase-contrast Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications

et al. 2020

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“…Lung imaging is a common application of the aforementioned phase-contrast methods, given the relatively weak X-ray attenuation contrast of the prevalent air and soft tissue [23][24][25][26][27][28]. PBI, in particular, benefits from the specific structure of many air-filled cavities within the lung that give rise to pronounced phase contrast effects, and has proven to be a valuable tool for pre-clinical lung imaging in recent years [29][30][31][32][33]. The requirements of dynamic respiratory studies, which may be limited to two-dimensional imaging due to high temporal resolution [34], cases of irreversible change or low dose requirements [29,35], and the rise of pixelated spectral X-ray detectors in recent times have motivated the development of the method presented here.…”

Section: Incident Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Decomposition using Spectral Propagation-based Phase Contrast X-ray Imaging

Schaff¹,

Morgan²,

Pollock³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Material decomposition in X-ray imaging uses the energy-dependence of attenuation to virtually decompose an object into specific constituent materials. X-ray phase contrast imaging is a developing technique that can enhance image contrast seen from weakly attenuating objects. In this paper, we combine spectral phase contrast imaging with material decomposition to both better visualise weakly attenuating features and separate them from overlying objects in radiography. We derive an algorithm that performs both tasks simultaneously and verify it against numerical simulations and experimental measurements of ideal two-component samples composed of pure aluminium and poly(methyl methacrylate). Additionally, we showcase first imaging results of a rabbit kitten's lung. The attenuation signal of a thorax, in particular, is dominated by the strongly attenuating bones of the ribcage, which combined with the weak soft tissue signal make it difficult to visualise the fine anatomical structures across the whole lung. In all cases, clean material decomposition was achieved, without residual phase contrast effects, from which we generate an un-obstructed image of the lung, free of bones. Spectral propagation-based phase contrast imaging has the potential to be a valuable tool, not only in future lung research, but also in other systems for which phase contrast imaging in combination with material decomposition proves to be advantageous.

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Accurate measures of changes in regional lung air volumes from chest x-rays of small animals

O'Connell¹,

Morgan²,

Ruben³

et al. 2022

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Objective. To develop a robust technique for calculating regional volume changes within the lung from X-ray radiograph sequences captured during ventilation, without the use of computed tomography (CT). Approach. This technique is based on the change in transmitted X-ray intensity that occurs for each lung region as air displaces the attenuating lung tissue. Main results. Lung air volumes calculated from X-ray intensity changes showed a strong correlation (R 2=0.98) against the true volumes, measured from high-resolution CT. This correlation enables us to accurately convert projected intensity data into relative changes in lung air volume. We have applied this technique to measure changes in regional lung volumes from X-ray image sequences of mechanically ventilated, recently-deceased newborn rabbits, without the use of CT. Significance. This method is suitable for biomedical research studies and shows potential for clinical application, whilst also allowing for high temporal and regional calculation of lung air volumes.

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Synchrotron X-Ray-Based Functional and Anatomical Lung Imaging Techniques

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications

Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications

Material Decomposition using Spectral Propagation-based Phase Contrast X-ray Imaging

Accurate measures of changes in regional lung air volumes from chest x-rays of small animals

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