Synchrotron radiation in polymer science

Elsner, Gerhard; Riekel, Christian; Zachmann, H. G.

doi:10.1007/bfb0016605

Cited by 92 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A description of the instrumentation can be found elsewhere [29]. The beam was monochromatized by Bragg reflection through a germanium single crystal (λ = 0.15 nm).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

Díez‐Pascual¹,

Naffakh²,

Gómez³

et al. 2009

Nanotechnology

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The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites Díez-Pascual, A. M.; Naffakh, M.; Gómez, M. A.; Marco, C.; Ellis, G.; González-Domínguez, J. M.; Ansón, A; Martínez, M. T.; Martínez-Rubi, Y.; Simard, B.; Ashrafi, B. AbstractThe effect of polyetherimide (PEI) as a compatibilizing agent on the morphology, thermal, electrical and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposites, has been investigated for different CNT loadings. After a pre-processing step based on ball milling and pre-mixing under mechanical treatment in ethanol, the samples were prepared by melt extrusion. A more homogeneous distribution of the CNTs throughout the matrix is found for composites containing PEI, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates an increase in the matrix degradation temperatures under dry air and nitrogen atmospheres with the addition of SWCNTs; the level of thermal stability of these nanocomposites is maintained when PEI is incorporated. Both differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies indicate a slight decrease in the crystallization temperatures of the compatibilized samples, and suggest the existence of reorganization phenomena during the heating, which are favoured in the composites incorporating the compatibilizer, due to their smaller crystal size. Dynamic mechanical studies show an increase in the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites upon the addition of PEI. Furthermore, the presence of PEI causes an enhancement in the storage modulus, and hence in the rigidity of these systems, attributed to an improved interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The electrical and thermal conductivities of these composites decrease with the incorporation of PEI. Overall, the compatibilized samples exhibit improved properties and are promising for their use in industrial applications.

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“…A description of the instrumentation can be found elsewhere [29]. The beam was monochromatized by Bragg reflection through a germanium single crystal (λ = 0.15 nm).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

Díez‐Pascual¹,

Naffakh²,

Gómez³

et al. 2009

Nanotechnology

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“…Beam sizes available from laboratory X-ray sources are usually in the range of 100 µm) or larger and therefore limit local area experiments. Microbeam XRD (µXRD) techniques developed at the microfocus beamline (ID13) of the ESRF are an extension of techniques developed at the Hasylab A2-beamline towards smaller beam sizes [4]. Beam sizes routinely available are in the range of 1-5 µm but are evolving to the sub-µm range [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent synchrotron radiation microdiffraction experiments on polymer and biopolymer fibers

García-Gutiérrez

Gourrier

Roth

2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The status of synchrotron radiation (SR) microdiffraction techniques developed at the ID13 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is reviewed for polymer and biopolymer fiber applications. Beam sizes in the micrometer-range have been used to study the local structure of whole fibers such as viscose-rayon or poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). The possibilities for in situ studies during stretching, extrusion, or indentation will be discussed.

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“…We have employed a combination of techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The use of synchrotron radiation allows us to obtain wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXS and SAXS, respectively) measurements in real time during polymer crystallization,18, 19 and simultaneous WAXS and SAXS experiments are an ideal tool to follow the rapid structural changes during crystallization and melting of polymer blends 15–17, 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties, structure and morphology of PEEK/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends

Naffakh

Gómez

Ellis

et al. 2003

Polymer International

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The dynamic crystallization and subsequent melting behaviour of poly(aryl ether ether ketone), PEEK, and its blends with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, Vectra®, have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXS and SAXS) techniques in a wide compositional range. Differences in crystallization rates and crystallinities were related to the structural and morphological characteristics of the blends measured by simultaneous real‐time WAXS and SAXS experiments using synchrotron radiation and optical microscopy. The crystallization process of PEEK in the blends takes place in the presence of the nematic phase of Vectra and leads to the formation of two different crystalline families. The addition of Vectra reduces the crystallization rate of PEEK, depending on composition, and more perfect crystals are formed. An increase in the long period of PEEK during heating was generally observed in the blends at all cooling rates. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

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Synchrotron radiation in polymer science

Cited by 92 publications

References 46 publications

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

Recent synchrotron radiation microdiffraction experiments on polymer and biopolymer fibers

Thermal properties, structure and morphology of PEEK/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends

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