Synchrotron‐Based X‐ray Absorption Fine Structures, X‐ray Diffraction, and X‐ray Microscopy Techniques Applied in the Study of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Li, Weihan; Li, Minsi; Hu, Yongfeng; Lü, Jun; Lushington, Andrew; Li, Ruying; Wu, Tianpin; Sham, Tsun‐Kong

doi:10.1002/smtd.201700341

Cited by 75 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(411 reference statements)

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“…TXM probes the morphology of samples by employing a quasi‐monochromatic X‐rays illumination and through the recording of the intensity of transmitted X‐rays signals. Characteristic features could be achieved for each specific element due to the different attenuation degree of X‐ray energy . TXM can be either full field (FF‐TXM) or scanning (STXM), both approaches capable of inspecting samples at the nanoscale level providing a resolution of tens of nanometers.…”

Section: Up‐to‐date Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Understanding of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

Bai

Gulzar

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

305

233

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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as a new kind of energy storage device due to their remarkable theoretical energy density. However, some issues, such as the low conductivity and the large volume variation of sulfur, as well as the formation of polysulfides during cycling, are yet to be addressed before LSBs can become an actual reality. Here, presented is a comprehensive overview illustrating the techniques capable of mitigating these undesirable problems together with the electrochemical performances associated to the different proposed solutions. In particular, the analysis is organized by separately addressing cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. Furthermore, to better understand the chemistry and failure mechanisms of LSBs, important characterization techniques applied to energy storage systems are reviewed. Similarly, considerations on the theoretical approaches used in the energy storage field are provided, as they can become the key tool for the design of the next generation LSBs. Afterward, the state of the art of LSBs technology is presented from a geopolitical perspective by comparing the results achieved in this field by the main world actors, namely Asia, North America, and Europe. Finally, this review is concluded with the application status of LSBs technology, and its prospects are offered.nonrenewable sources depletion and environment pollution (global warming and air/water quality). In particular, the abundant use of fossil fuels (especially coal and oil) is origin of many medical problems all over the world resulting in a constant rising of health-care national systems expenses. In this regard, especially solar and wind based energy sources, have been demonstrated to represent a valid alternative to fossil fuels. However, their energy instability related to a nonconstant presence of sun/wind, determines an intermittent energy production which severely jeopardize a stable and reliable energy supply to the grid. In order to mitigate and possibly even to completely solve this issue, a feasible solution is to couple solar/wind energy generators with energy storage devices. The presence of these systems would indeed allow the release of the produced energy into the grid at the right time, therefore avoiding any instability or even grid failure. Among the available energy storage devices, secondary batteries represent surely a valid choice owing to the abundant research in this field and to the number of applications already exploiting batteries as the main energy source. In this regard, here we recall lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and His work mainly aims in modeling and experimentally validating complex systems at the micro/nanoscale with strong emphasis on the final device. In particular, his research themes focus on the integration of different physics (i.e., interdisciplinary) such as photonics, heat diffusion, electric charge/mass diffusion, and mechanicaldeformation toward the development of innovative devices for energy manipulation (harvesting and storage).nitrogen element coul...

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Section: Up‐to‐date Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Understanding of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

Bai

Gulzar

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

305

233

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“…Several strategies have been proposed in the literature to mitigate the volume variations in Ge anode electrodes, among them, the reduction of the dimensions to form nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes and thin films . Another option are the layered or two‐dimensional materials (2D), in which the active surface area is increased and the energy barrier for diffusion is lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Germanium Layered Materials as Superior Negative Electrodes for Li‐, Na‐, and K‐Ion Batteries

Loaiza

Monconduit

Seznéc

2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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The germanium high theoretical capacity renders it as a promising anode material with 1384 mAh/g for Li (Li 15 Ge 4 ) and 369 mAh/g for Na (NaGe) and K (KGe). Nevertheless, Ge suffers from volume variations due to alkali insertion, to mitigate this issue several strategies have been proposed. Among them the use of layered Ge-based phases, obtained from the CaGe 2 Zintl phase by topotactic deintercalation of Ca 2 + to form the germanane (GeH) n. This last one has a particular morphology of Ge 6 rings interconnected to form planes that buffers the volume changes and shortens the diffusion pathways. Here, we have studied the germanane alkali storage properties and 2150, 495 and 205 mAh/g of reversible capacity were obtained for Li, Na and K, respectively. These results indicate that germanane can store more alkali ions than the predicted phases, perform well at high rates and maintain a good capacity retention.

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“…Some commonly used characterization methods include electron microscopes, spectroscopies, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray scattering techniques, and X-ray imaging techniques. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In this review, we will focus on how synchrotron-based X-ray imaging techniques are applied in the qualitative and quantitative characterization of energy materials. The advent of third generation synchrotron light sources and beyond and accompanying optics and detector developments have helped propel the advancement of synchrotron microscopy (from infrared to hard X-ray), as it is evident from recent conference proceedings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging X-ray imaging technologies for energy materials

et al. 2020

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With the growing need for sustainable energy technologies, advanced characterization methods become more and more critical for optimizing energy materials and understanding their operation mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technologies, and the associated applications in gaining fundamental insights into the physical/chemical properties and reaction mechanisms of energy materials. We will discuss a few major X-ray imaging technologies, including X-ray projection imaging, transmission X-ray microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, tender and soft X-ray imaging, and coherent diffraction imaging. Researchers can choose from various X-ray imaging techniques with different working principles based on research goals and sample specifications. With the X-ray imaging techniques, we can obtain the morphology, phase, lattice and strain information of energy materials in both 2D and 3D in an intuitive way. In addition, due to the high penetration of X-rays, operando/in-situ experiments can be designed to track the qualitative and quantitative changes of the samples during operation. We expect this review can broaden reader's view on X-ray imaging techniques and inspire new ideas and possibilities in energy materials research.

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Synchrotron‐Based X‐ray Absorption Fine Structures, X‐ray Diffraction, and X‐ray Microscopy Techniques Applied in the Study of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Cited by 75 publications

References 209 publications

A Comprehensive Understanding of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

A Comprehensive Understanding of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

Towards Germanium Layered Materials as Superior Negative Electrodes for Li‐, Na‐, and K‐Ion Batteries

Emerging X-ray imaging technologies for energy materials

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