“…Researchers exploring this phenomenon have consistently demonstrated that people experience a host of social (e.g., affiliation, Hove & Risen, 2009), cognitive (e.g., person memory, Macrae, Duffy, Miles, & Lawrence, 2008), perceptual (e.g., motion sensitivity, Valdesolo, Ouyang, & DeSteno, 2010), neurophysiological (e.g., β-endorphin release, Cohen, Ejsmond-Frey, Knight, & Dunbar, 2010) and behavioural (e.g., cooperation, Wiltermuth & Heath, 2009) effects when their actions are synchronized (see Mogan, Fischer, & Bulbulia, 2017 for an overview). McNeill (1995) has argued that synchronous actions (e.g., marching) serve to provide esprit de corps in military contexts, while large-scale coordination (e.g., singing, dancing, chanting) is at the heart of many collective rituals and is arguably a driving force of cultural evolution (Freeman, 2000;Launay, Tarr, & Dunbar, 2016). However, as pervasive as synchrony may be, less is known about precisely how and when synchronous actions functionally serve higher-order social goals.…”