Synchronverters: Inverters That Mimic Synchronous Generators

Zhong, Qing-Chang; Weiss, George

doi:10.1109/tie.2010.2048839

Cited by 2,375 publications

(1,240 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The control input is the q-axis current in the generator-side power converter, to control the electric torque of the generator [42]. The generator torque is proportional to the force f acting on the pistons from the fluid in the cylinders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave energy converter control by wave prediction and dynamic programming

et al. 2012

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tWe demonstrate that deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP) combined with constrained optimal control can dramatically improve the efficiency of sea wave energy converters (WECs), while maintaining their safe operation. We focus on a point absorber WEC employing a hydraulic/electric power take-off system. Maximizing energy take-off while minimizing the risk of damage is formulated as an optimal control problem with a disturbance input (the sea elevation) and with both state and input constraints. This optimal control problem is non-convex, which prevents us from using quadratic programming algorithms for the optimal solution. We demonstrate that the optimum can be achieved by bangebang control. This paves the way to adopt a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm to resolve the on-line optimization problem efficiently. Simulation results show that this approach is very effective, yielding at least a two-fold increase in energy output as compared with control schemes which do not exploit DSWP. This level of improvement is possible even using relatively low precision DSWP over short time horizons. A key finding is that only about 1 second of prediction horizon is required, however, the technical difficulties involved in obtaining good estimates necessitate a DSWP system capable of prediction over tens of seconds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave energy converter control by wave prediction and dynamic programming

et al. 2012

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“…12 and an overview of control techniques is detailed in [22]. The definition of a synchronverter is introduced in [24] and highlights the differences from a VSG with the prominent difference being the lack of short term energy storage. Use of a VSG to enhance grid stability is discussed in [25] and [26] in which the swing equation is modelled to determine a virtual rotor angular velocity.…”

Section: Virtual Synchronous Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Fradley

Preece²,

Barnes³

2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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To reduce CO2 emissions produced by electricity generation, conventional fossil fuel power plants are being decommissioned. Renewable energy sources (RES) and interconnectors are replacing these old power plants but have different operating characteristics. A key concern as the conventional fossil fuel power plants are displaced is the reduction in system inertia. A reduction in system inertia will require faster control schemes to be implemented to prevent frequency and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) limits from being exceeded. Frequency response schemes that can emulate inertia, often called synthetic inertia, are required and this will necessitate the need for fast controlled devices. VSC-HVDC is a desirable interface option for the power levels and controllability required to provide synthetic inertia. This paper reviews supplementary frequency control schemes applied to VSC-HVDC and co-ordinated control strategies applicable to HVDC connected systems and islanded systems.

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“…The virtual synchronous shaft is built up through the equation above to represent the electro-mechanical energy conversion process of a real generator [11]. Therefore, not only the voltagecurrent relation of inverter meets the feature of a synchronous generator, but also the frequency dynamic response conforms to the rotor motion rule inside the generator.…”

Section: Electro-magnetic and Electro-mechanical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the dynamic synchronism of frequency, virtual inertia and damping factor are emulated based on derivative of the detected grid frequency in [7][8][9]. Furthermore, considering the intrinsic regulation capacity of the frequency and voltage, and the self-synchronization features of a conventional synchronous generator, elaborated model of three-phase virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is established in [10,11], and such grid interface is widely recognized in three-phase system. It not only enables the functions of the governor and exciter to realize the frequency and voltage regulation in the steady state, but also provides the rotational inertia to the grid and increases the dynamic stability without using the phase-locked loop (PLL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instantaneous power calculation based on intrinsic frequency of single-phase virtual synchronous generator

Zhao

Chai

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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In order to enhance the stability of single-phase microgrid, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control method is investigated in this paper. Its electromagnetic model and electromechanical model are established to illustrate the performance of VSG. Considering the 2nd fluctuation of fundamental-frequency in the output power, an instantaneous power calculation strategy is proposed based on the intrinsic frequency of single-phase VSG. Besides, a virtual power calculation method is presented to achieve islanded/grid-connected seamless transition. Stability analysis and comparison simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the presented power calculation method. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by comparison experiments of islanded/gridconnected operations in a 500 VA single-phase inverter.

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Synchronverters: Inverters That Mimic Synchronous Generators

Cited by 2,375 publications

References 18 publications

Wave energy converter control by wave prediction and dynamic programming

Wave energy converter control by wave prediction and dynamic programming

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Instantaneous power calculation based on intrinsic frequency of single-phase virtual synchronous generator

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