Synchronous Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis and Esophageal Carcinoma

Abstract

Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most common deep mycosis in South America and is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (P. brasiliensis), a thermally dimorphic fungus. Infections usually occur by inhalation of conidia, which more often cause respiratory, mucocutaneous, and lymph nodal changes. Chronic features of this mycosis can mimic diverse infections and malignancies and constitute diagnosis challenges. Squamous cell carcinoma deserves special attention in this setting. We describe the case of a patient with synchronous diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Concomitance of these conditions may be a casual event, but a not fully understood causal relationship can be involved.

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Carcinogenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers

“…Changes in microbial flora were found in patients with esophageal cancer (40), including infection by human papillomavirus (183) and Epstein-Barr virus (192). In South America, a study found relationships with increased fungal infection (176). In contrast, other studies showed a relationship between inflammatory disorders after cancer treatment and increases in fungus infections, such as candidiasis (95,142).…”

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Patients with Lymphoma and Review of Published Literature

“…Explanations for this alleged coincidence are also rather vague. Studies with large series of patients and published case reports show that carcinomas are the most frequently diagnosed type of neoplasia in patients with PCM, both during life and at necropsy [7][8][9][10][11], a fact attributed to the well-known humoral and cellular immune dysregulation observed in PCM patients. Additionally, it has also been suggested that chronic stimulation determined by persistent P. brasiliensis antigens could also play a role in neoplasia origin when both disorders coincide in the same tissue [8,9].…”

A Brazilian male with typical oral and pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis

“…Paracoccidioidomycosis (PMC) is a major fungal endemic disease in Latin America due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, without compulsory notification (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). PMC was previously called South American blastomycosis as well as Lutz's disease.…”

“…PMC was previously called South American blastomycosis as well as Lutz's disease. The first description was in Brazil by Adolpho Lutz in 1908; it is more prevalent among males from rural areas, and the annual incidence is up to 3.7 cases per 100.000 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). More often, the infective http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir Med J Islam Repub Iran.…”

“…forms of the fungi reach the small airways, causing primary pulmonary foci and can disseminate by lymphatic and hematogenous routes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Males are more often affected (up to 30:1), mainly the smokers and alcohol abusers; other risk factor s may be diabetes mellitus, malignancies, and immunosuppression (1-7).…”