Synchronous Electrosynthesis of Poly(xanthurenic acid)-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Impedimetric Detection of DNA

Abstract

A novel and simple synchronous electrochemical synthesis of poly(xanthurenic acid, Xa), electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (PXa-ERGNO), via cyclic voltammetry (CV) was reported, where graphene oxide (GNO) and Xa monomer were adopted as precursors. The resulting PXa-ERGNO nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The π-π interactions between the conjugated GNO layers and aromatic ring of Xa-enhanced the electropolymerization efficiency accompanied with an increased electrochemical response of PXa. The rich carboxyl groups of PXa-ERGNO film were applied to stably immobilize the probe DNA with amino groups at 5' end via covalent bonding. The captured probe could sensitively and selectively recognize its target DNA via EIS. The dynamic detection range was from 1.0 × 10(-14) mol/L to 1.0 × 10(-8) mol/L with a detection limit of 4.2 × 10(-15) mol/L due to the synergistic effect of integrated PXa-ERGNO nanocomposite. This graphene-based electrochemical platform showed intrinsic advantage, such as simplicity, good stability, and high sensitivity, which could serve as an ideal platform for the biosensing field.

Shape-controllable ZnO nanostructures based on synchronously electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and their morphology-dependent electrochemical performance

“…1, the GNO (Fig. 1A) presented comparatively smooth film with slight wrinkles [40]. After the above GNO/GCE being dipped in 0.1 M Zn(NO 3 …”

The graphene/nucleic acid nanobiointerface

“…Based on a rGO and poly-(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ABSA) nanocomposite (PABSA-rGO), Yang et al reported a sensitive detection method for the PML/RARA fusion gene sequence. 276 Based on the modifications, probe nucleic acids could be anchored on the functionalized graphene surface, and with the hybridization of target nucleic acids, the [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À/4À probe can report the impedance changes. Jayakumar et al synthesized a first generation (G1) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) with a graphene core (G@G1PAMAM), and then immobilized G@G1PAMAM covalently onto a mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) monolayer on a Au electrode.…”

Recent advances in electrochemical biosensing schemes using graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites

“…The covalent attachment, i.e., the formation of amide bonds between amino-terminated DNA probes and oxygen-containing groups of graphene materials using a carbodiimide, is a well-known procedure and still the predominant procedure [181]. For the covalent procedure, it might be more useful to augment the oxygen functionalities on graphene surfaces by introducing a small molecule such as perylene tetracarboxylic acid [115], poly(xanthurenic acid) [116] and 1-aminopyrene [117]. In this case, both GO and rGO with carboxylic groups serve as a better substrate and surface chemistry can be adopted to increase the number of carboxylic groups required for the covalent attachment of the DNA probe [182].…”

“…The amino group of APTES is crosslinked with the amino group of the biomolecule by glutaraldehyde activation. It is also feasible to increase the oxygen or amino functionalities on graphene surfaces by introducing carboxyl-or amino-containing molecules such as perylene tetracarboxylic acid [115], poly(xanthurenic acid) [116] and 1-aminopyrene [117]. Graphene materials decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuN- Ps) can be conjugated with thiolated biomolecules by exploiting ''well-known AuÀS'' interactions.…”