Synchronous Cultures of Algae

Tamiya, Hiroshi

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.17.060166.000245

Cited by 121 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…(Tt hereafter represents the t-th hour from the start of cycle, To). In the dark, the mature mother cell liberates four daughter cells ("cellular division", (19)) to complete the cell cycle. There are three distinct periods for the increase in the cellular DNA, during PI (T4-T8), PII (T8-T12) and PIII (T14-T21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-conservative replication of chloroplast DNA in synchronized Chlorella.

Iwamura

Katoh

Nishimura

1982

Cell Struct. Funct.

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ABSTRACT. The chloroplast DNA (chDNA) in the unicellular green alga, Chlorella, consists of at least two DNA species. The major component (ch-DNAM) has the corrected "practical density" in CsCl of 1.7100 gm/ml, which is almost the same as the value for major nuclear DNA (nDNAM); the minor component has the value 1.6860 gm/ml. During the cell cycle effected by synchronous culture under a light-dark regimen, chDNA was synthesized near the middle of the light phase before nDNA synthesis. The content of chDNA quadrupled during the synthetic period. This fact corresponds to the observations that four chloroplasts can be found in large cells at about the end of the light phase and four daughter cells are produced from one mother cell at the end of the cell cycle. The algal chDNA was labelled actively with 14CO2 or [3H]thymidine during its synthesis .To determine whether chDNA replicates semi-conservatively, we examined the density-labelling and density-shift of chDNA during its synthesis in the cell cycle. Since chDNAM has almost the same buoyant density as that of nDNAM in CsCl, we made CsCl equilibrium density gradients in preparative ultracentrifuge on the total cell DNA containing chDNA which had been preferentially labelled with [3H]thymidine or 14CO2 during its synthesis. We here report the successful demonstration of the semi-conservative mode of replication in chDNAM, and discuss the remarkable characteristics of this algal chDNA.The existence of a high molecular weight DNA species in the chloroplast of Chlorella was suggested first by Iwamura in 1960 (1), and it aroused keen interest in the cell organelle DNA, especially in connection with its intracellular autonomy. Many papers on chDNA have appeared since 1963, and papers on mitochondrial DNA also have appeared (2, 3). It is now widely accepted that these organelles in eukaryotic cells contain both their own unique DNA species and protein synthesizing systems which differ from the systems in cytosol. Thus, the semi-autonomous properties of cell particulates have been studied on the basis of molecular biology (4, 5, 6, 7). * Present address: Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research , Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618, Japan.Abbreviations used: chDNA, chloroplast DNA; chDNAM and chDNAm, major and minor chloroplast DNAs ; nDNA, nuclear DNA; nDNAM, major nuclear DNA; PCV, packed cell volume; 3H-T, [6-3H]thymidine; Tt, the t-th culture hour from the start of the cell cycle, To; D.-cells, nascent D-cells (small cells), which are produced in the dark phase of the cell cycle and are used as the starting cell material for the cell cycle. 71

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-conservative replication of chloroplast DNA in synchronized Chlorella.

Iwamura

Katoh

Nishimura

1982

Cell Struct. Funct.

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“…2A. Tamiya (1966) achieved synchronous culture of the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea using light/dark cycles. 16) Plastids seemed to be an essential organelle as a sensor of light for synchronization.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tamiya (1966) achieved synchronous culture of the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea using light/dark cycles. 16) Plastids seemed to be an essential organelle as a sensor of light for synchronization. Lim et al (1986) showed that red alga are the most primitive eukaryotes by phylogenic analysis of 5S ribosomal RNA.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum to “Mechanisms of organelle division and inheritance and their implications regarding the origin of eukaryotic cells”

KUROIWA¹

2017

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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Mitochondria and plastids have their own DNAs and are regarded as descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes. Organellar DNAs are not naked in vivo but are associated with basic proteins to form DNA-protein complexes (called organelle nuclei). The concept of organelle nuclei provides a new approach to explain the origin, division, and inheritance of organelles. Organelles divide using organelle division rings (machineries) after organelle-nuclear division. Organelle division machineries are a chimera of the FtsZ (filamentous temperature sensitive Z) ring of bacterial origin and the eukaryotic mechanochemical dynamin ring. Thus, organelle division machineries contain a key to solve the origin of organelles (eukaryotes). The maternal inheritance of organelles developed during sexual reproduction and it is also probably intimately related to the origin of organelles. The aims of this review are to describe the strategies used to reveal the dynamics of organelle division machineries, and the significance of the division machineries and maternal inheritance in the origin and evolution of eukaryotes.

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“…CCMP started at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution but was transferred to Biglow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Maine in 1981 and was renamed the ProvasoliGuillard National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota in 2011. Studies on Chlorella culture in Japan were conducted actively in the early 1950s, Tamiya (1956Tamiya ( , 1966 developed synchronous culture to advance experiments in algal physiology. In addition, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been actively culturing microalgae since the 1980s (Kasai et al 2009).…”

Section: S2mentioning

confidence: 99%