Synchronous conjunctival melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma

Volpini, Beatrice Mussio Fornazier; Maia, Marcus; Agi, Jorge; Filho, José Vital; Lellis, Rute Facchini

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Ocular melanoma is the second most common type of melanoma and is often observed as an eye neoplasm. Lentigo maligna might eventually develop into invasive melanoma ( 64 ). “Melancholia,” “Melanosis,” and “Melasma” might have similar spellings as melanoma and hence confuse the searchers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Interest and Public Interest in Melanoma: A Bibliometric and Google Trends Analysis

et al. 2021

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IntroductionMelanoma is a severe skin cancer that metastasizes quickly. Bibliometric analysis can quantify hotspots of research interest. Google Trends can provide information to address public concerns.MethodsThe top 15 most frequently cited articles on melanoma each year from 2015 to 2019, according to annual citations, were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Original articles, reviews, and research letters were included in this research. For the Google Trends analysis, the topic “Melanoma” was selected as the keyword. Online search data from 2004 to 2019 were collected. Four countries (New Zealand, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom) were selected for seasonal analysis. Annual trends in relative search volume and seasonal variation were analyzed, and the top related topics and rising related topics were also selected and analyzed.ResultsThe top 15 most frequently cited articles each year were all original articles that focused on immunotherapy (n=8), omics (n=5), and the microbiome (n=2). The average relative search volume remained relatively stable across the years. The seasonal variation analysis revealed that the peak appeared in summer, and the valley appeared in winter. The diseases associated with or manifestations of melanoma, treatment options, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and prognosis were the topics in which the public was most interested. Most of the topics revealed by bibliometric and Google Trends analyses were consistent, with the exception of issues related to the molecular biology of melanoma.ConclusionThis study revealed the trends in research interest and public interest in melanoma, which may pave the way for further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Interest and Public Interest in Melanoma: A Bibliometric and Google Trends Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Shields et al have also observed that melanomas showed significant features of increased thickness compared to other pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva (24). However, the comparison of melanoma with pigmented naevus of the conjunctiva, showed that melanomas are most often only partly elevated (part of the lesion is flat and part is nodular), which is most probably related to their likely formation on the foundation of PAM (5,10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). The mortality rate is between 13-40% over ten years (8,9,11,15). Local tumour recurrence has been reported in 50-70% of patients (4,5,12,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of the Malignant Characteristics of Conjunctival Lesions Based on the Dermatoscopic Algorithm

et al. 2021

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Background/Aim: This study analysed the prevalence of the characteristics evaluated in dermatoscopy for melanocytic infiltrations of the conjunctiva with various degrees of malignancy. Patients and Methods: A total of 160 conjunctival pigmented lesions were studied. Each lesion was scored using dermatoscopic patterns and the characteristics of malignancy described by Kittler. Also, the Authors' own clues were added to the evaluation. Results: In melanomas, the following characteristics were identified: asymmetry of the pattern and colour, larger average number of colours, the presence of grey colour, structureless area, polymorphic vessels and feeder vessels. A pattern of black dots and a black colour was typical of malignant lesions and pre-cancerous (premalignant) lesions -primary acquired melanosis (PAM) with atypia. Cysts were observed only in the group of naevi. Conclusion: The patterns evaluated with dermatoscopy are present in pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva. There are, however, some characteristics which allow differentiation between melanoma and pigmented naevus and melanosis and also between PAM.There are several lesions that arise from the melanocytes of the conjunctiva. The most common are naevi, primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and malignant melanoma (MM). The predominant conjunctival pigmented tumour is naevus (1, 2). Naevus accounts for 28% of all conjunctival tumours and 52% of melanocytic lesions (3). It is a benign lesion, with a less than 1% (3, 4) tendency to malignant transformation. It is usually a unilateral, slightly elevated, variably pigmented lesion, with clear cysts, and feeder vessels, and is predominantly located in the bulbar conjunctiva (3). All naevi require serial observation using photographic documentation. Any changes in size, shape or colour are suspicious of malignant transformation and should be treated like melanoma. Some patients demand excision for cosmetic reasons (4, 5).PAM accounts for 11% of all conjunctival tumours and 21% of conjunctival pigmented lesions (2, 6, 7). It can be divided into melanosis with atypia and without atypia, depending on the nuclear features and growth pattern of melanocytes in the histopathological examination. The presence of atypia is associated with a very high risk (13-50%) of malignant transformation, while absence of atypia carries no risk for melanoma development (4-6). PAM with atypia is considered to be a form of melanoma in situ, similar to lentigo maligna of the skin (6, 8). PAM occurs as a flat, unilateral, brown, patchy or diffuse lesion usually in middleaged Caucasian individuals (9). It is thought that it is impossible to distinguish clinically PAM without atypia from PAM with atypia (4). PAM must be differentiated from racial melanosis, which is usually bilateral and symmetrical (6). The procedure proposed by Shields and co-workers in patients with PAM involves observation or surgical treatment in combination with cryotherapy and/or topical chemotherapy depending on the size of the lesion. In cases of very large tumours, ...

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“…of all ocular melanomas (2,3). The incidence of CMM has significantly increased in the USA and Europe over the recent years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Algorithm for Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

et al. 2021

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Background/Aim: This study aimed to develop an algorithm allowing the differentiation between conjunctival melanoma and other melanocytic infiltrations of the conjunctiva, on the basis of a dermatoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: A total of 160 conjunctival pigmented lesions were studied (40 melanomas and 120 non-melanoma conjunctival infiltrations). The clinical characteristics of the tumours were assessed with the use of dermatoscopic characteristics as described by Kittler, and with taking into consideration the typical characteristics of conjunctival lesions. Results: On the basis of modified dermatoscopic criteria, an algorithm was generated consisting of an assessment of the presence of 9 suspicious characteristics, e.g. more than two colours, colour asymmetry, pattern asymmetry, vascular polymorphism, presence of short vessels, linear vascular pattern, the presence of a peripheral structureless area, the presence of a grey structureless area and black dots in any part of the lesion. The presence of any of these characteristics scores 1 point. If a melanocytic lesion scores ≥3 points, the probability of diagnosing melanoma is on the level of p>0.001. Conclusion: The use of the proposed algorithm, based on modified dermatoscopic characteristics, may be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma.Conjunctival melanoma (CMM) is a rare tumour: it is approximately 500 times less frequent than skin melanoma (1). It constitutes 1.6% of all non-cutaneous melanomas and 1-5% 3161 This article is freely accessible online.

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Synchronous conjunctival melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Research Interest and Public Interest in Melanoma: A Bibliometric and Google Trends Analysis

Research Interest and Public Interest in Melanoma: A Bibliometric and Google Trends Analysis

The Evaluation of the Malignant Characteristics of Conjunctival Lesions Based on the Dermatoscopic Algorithm

Diagnostic Algorithm for Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

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