Synchronous acceleration of ice loss and glacial erosion, Glaciar Marinelli, Chilean Tierra del Fuego

Koppes, Michèle; Hallet, Bernard; Anderson, John B.

doi:10.3189/002214309788608796

Cited by 50 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…This results in a stark contrast in annual precipitation between both glaciers. Precipitation rates where SG flows, Bahia Pia (1600 mm) are twice as high as at where NG flows, Seno Almirantazgo fjord (800 mm) [29]. Mean annual air temperature, however, is relatively constant over the entire region, with only a slight drop from 5.9°C at Punta Arenas to 4.5°C at Bahia Pia [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile)

et al. 2014

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Bryophyte establishment represents a positive feedback process that enhances soil development in newly exposed terrain. Further, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by cyanobacteria in association with mosses can be an important supply of N to terrestrial ecosystems, however the role of these associations during post-glacial primary succession is not yet fully understood. Here, we analyzed chronosequences in front of two receding glaciers with contrasting climatic conditions (wetter vs drier) at Cordillera Darwin (Tierra del Fuego) and found that most mosses had the capacity to support an epiphytic flora of cyanobacteria and exhibited high rates of N2 fixation. Pioneer moss-cyanobacteria associations showed the highest N2 fixation rates (4.60 and 4.96 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) very early after glacier retreat (4 and 7 years) which may help accelerate soil development under wetter conditions. In drier climate, N2 fixation on bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations was also high (0.94 and 1.42 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) but peaked at intermediate-aged sites (26 and 66 years). N2 fixation capacity on bryophytes was primarily driven by epiphytic cyanobacteria abundance rather than community composition. Most liverworts showed low colonization and N2 fixation rates, and mosses did not exhibit consistent differences across life forms and habitat (saxicolous vs terricolous). We also found a clear relationship between cyanobacteria genera and the stages of ecological succession, but no relationship was found with host species identity. Glacier forelands in Tierra del Fuego show fast rates of soil transformation which imply large quantities of N inputs. Our results highlight the potential contribution of bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations to N accumulation during post-glacial primary succession and further describe the factors that drive N2-fixation rates in post-glacial areas with very low N deposition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile)

et al. 2014

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“…Thus, after the initial retreat stage, the glacier reacted more to its own dynamics with the geometry of the fjord playing an important role and with a more limited response to climate changes (Holmlund and Fuenzalida, 1995). Koppes et al (2009) argued that an increase in basal sliding was responsible for the accelerated rate of retreat between 1992 and 2000.…”

Section: Marinelli Glaciermentioning

confidence: 99%

A regional view of fluctuations in glacier length in southern South America

López

Chevallier

Favier

et al. 2010

Global and Planetary Change

102

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“…Correlation between sediment yield and retreat rate have been reported by Arendt et al (2002), Howat et al (2005), Koppes and Hallet (2006) and Koppes et al (2009;. This paper estimates the subglacial erosion rate under Wanda Glacier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Estimated erosion rates from < 10 -3 to >10 -2 m yr -1 for Alaska and Greenland glaciers were reported by POWELL (1991), HARBOR and WARBURTON (1993), GURNELL et al (1996), HALLET et al (1996) and KOPPES et al (2009). KOPPES et al (2009) have estimated < 10 to >120 m yr -1 erosion rates at the temperate Martinelli Glacier, Tierra del Fuego, Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have, empirically, determined erosion rates in glacial environments, however most of them are focused mainly on Alaska and Northern European valley glaciers (POWELL, 1991;HUMPREY and RAYMOND, 1994; VAN DER VENN, 1996;KOPPES and HALLET, 2002). Estimated erosion rates from < 10 -3 to >10 -2 m yr -1 for Alaska and Greenland glaciers were reported by POWELL (1991), HARBOR and WARBURTON (1993), GURNELL et al (1996), HALLET et al (1996) and KOPPES et al (2009). KOPPES et al (2009) have estimated < 10 to >120 m yr -1 erosion rates at the temperate Martinelli Glacier, Tierra del Fuego, Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the Wanda Glacier (South Shetlands) Sediment Erosion Rate Using Numerical Modelling

Rosa

Vieira

Simões

2013

Rev. Bras. Geomorfol.

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ResumoA produção sedimentar glacial resulta da erosão glacial e é infl uenciada por vários fatores incluindo o grau de retração glacial, velocidade do fl uxo de gelo e o regime termal. Este artigo estima o grau de erosão atual e a produção sedimentar da geleira Wanda (Ilha Rei George, Shetlands do Sul). Este trabalho também investiga os mecanismos de remoção sedimentar pela água de degelo e por processos de erosão glacial durante o transporte subglacial. A geleira Wanda possui pouca extensão e condições termais temperado com retração nas últimas décadas. O grau de erosão glacial para a geleira Wanda é de 1,1 ton m a -1 , estimativa utilizando modelo numérico de erosão que considera os sedimentos transportados em canais, velocidade de fl uxo de gelo, espessura do gelo e área glacial. AbstractGlacial sediment yield results from glacial erosion and is infl uenced by several factors including glacial retreat rate, ice fl ow velocity and thermal regime. This paper estimates the contemporary subglacial erosion rate and sediment yield of Wanda Glacier (King George Island, South Shetlands). This work also examines basal sediment evacuation mechanisms by runoff and glacial erosion processes during the subglacial transport. This is a small temperate glacier that has seen retreating for the last decades. The glacial erosion rate at Wanda Glacier, estimated using a numerical model that consider sediment evacuated to outlet streams, ice fl ow velocity, ice thickness and glacier area, is 1.1 ton m yr -1 . Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia

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Synchronous acceleration of ice loss and glacial erosion, Glaciar Marinelli, Chilean Tierra del Fuego

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile)

Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile)

A regional view of fluctuations in glacier length in southern South America

Estimation of the Wanda Glacier (South Shetlands) Sediment Erosion Rate Using Numerical Modelling

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