Synchronized tropical Pacific and extratropical variability during the past three decades

Yang, Jun‐Chao; Lin, Xiaopei; Xie, Shang‐Ping; Zhang, Yu; Kosaka, Yu; Li, Ziguang

doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0753-9

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…15e,f). It is interesting that the KE fronts exhibited different poleward shift before and after 2002, which may be due to the natural decadal to multidecadal variability (Yang et al 2020b). The 1979-2002 period is so-called ''fast warming,'' while the following decade is the global warming ''hiatus'' (Deser et al 2017).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poleward Shift of the Kuroshio Extension Front and Its Impact on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in the Recent Decades

Lin

2021

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Meridional shift of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) front and changes in the formation of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) during 1979-2018 are reported. The surface-to-subsurface structure of the KE front averaged over 142°E-165°E has shifted poleward at a rate of ~ 0.23±0.16° per decade. The shift was caused mainly by the poleward shift of the downstream KE front (153°E-165°E, ~ 0.41±0.29° per decade), barely by the upstream KE front (142°E-153°E). The long-term shift trend of the KE front showed two distinct behaviors before and after 2002. Before 2002, the surface KE front moved northward with a faster rate than the subsurface. After 2002, the surface KE front showed no obvious trend, but the subsurface KE front continued to move northward. The ventilation zone of the STMW, defined by the area between 16°C and 18°C isotherms or between 25 kg m-3 and 25.5 kg m-3 isopycnals, contracted and displaced northward with a shoaling of the mixed layer depth (hm) before 2002 when the KE front moved northward. The STMW subduction rate was reduced by 0.76 Sv (63%) during 1979-2018, most of which occurred before 2002. Of the three components affecting the total subduction rate, the temporal induction ( −∂hm/∂t ) was dominant accounting for 91% of the rate reduction, while the vertical pumping (−wmb) amounted to 8% and the lateral induction (−umb · ∇hm) was insignificant. The reduced temporal induction was attributed to both the contracted ventilation zone and the shallowed hm that were incurred by the poleward shift of KE front.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poleward Shift of the Kuroshio Extension Front and Its Impact on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in the Recent Decades

Lin

2021

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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“…To further investigate the roles of tropical Pacific SST‐driven and internal variability of North Pacific SLP leading atmospheric circulation modes in forcing the PMM, we used a tropical Pacific pacemaker experiment—Pacific Ocean‐Global Atmosphere (POGA; Kosaka & Xie, 2013, 2016; Yang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2018)—based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model version 2.1 (CM2.1; Delworth et al., 2006). The POGA simulation consists of 10 ensemble members; each member was forced by identical observed SST anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific (from 180° to the American west coast, 15°S–15°N, with a 5° buffer zone north, south, and west of the domain) as well as CMIP5 historical and representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) radiative forcing from 1861 to 2014, but with slightly different atmosphere‐ocean initial conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Forcing of the Pacific Meridional Mode: Tropical Pacific‐Driven Versus Internal Variability

Zhang

Amaya

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) impacts tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variations, which in turn affect the PMM through the excited atmospheric teleconnections. Previous studies linked this loop to the tropical Pacific‐excited North Pacific Oscillation (NPO; the second empirical mode of North Pacific sea level pressure variability), while a recent study proposed the linkage to the excited Aleutian low (AL) variability (the first empirical mode). Unraveling their relative importance for the loop is thus crucial for better understanding subtropical‐tropical interactions. Here, using tropical Pacific pacemaker experiments we show that tropical Pacific‐forced AL variability is tied to the loop, while the tropical Pacific‐forced NPO does not effectively induce PMM variability, hence not being in the loop. Our study emphasizes the role of tropical Pacific‐forced AL variability in the PMM‐tropical Pacific interaction, which should be paid more attention in future studies.

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“…The synchronized tropical eastern Pacific variability led to the slowdown of the global surface temperature in early 2000s, the atmospheric pattern of cold ocean-warm land also led to the hiatus of global warming in the early 2000s and the acceleration in the 2010s (Yang et al, 2020). Owing to the phase variations in the Atlantic Multi Decadal Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, there was a significant slowdown in the surface temperature in the cold regions over China, and the Tibetan Plateau determines the characteristics of extreme temperatures across these cold regions (Ma et al, 2022).…”

Section: Fossil Fuel and Increased Greenhouse Gas Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil Fuel, Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming

Liu,

Liu

2023

GJSFR

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Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission have increased substantially, causing the rise of greenhouse gas concentration (GHGC) and in turn the rise of global mean surface temperature (GMST). We analyze the years of the rises and the falls of global temperature fluctuation, and find that the natural time interval between the rise and the fall of the temperature fluctuation has decreased from 31.5 years to 23 years, the impact from human activities has increased from 2.5 years to 9 years. We analyze the shares of total solar irradiance (TSI), greenhouse gas concentration (GHGC), and water vapor for the rise ofGMST, we find that: TSI accounts for 23.4% for greenhouse effect from 1880 to 1964, and 12.4% from 1965 to 2022; GHGC accounts for 80.9% for greenhouse effect from 1880 to 1964,and 86.6% from 1965 to 2022; water vapor is negatively related with GMST from 1880 to 1964, accounting for -4.3% for greenhouse effect, and positively related with GMST from 1965 to 2022, accounting for 1% for greenhouse effect. Global warming hiatus from 1998 to 2012 is a shortened fall of global temperature fluctuation.

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Synchronized tropical Pacific and extratropical variability during the past three decades

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Poleward Shift of the Kuroshio Extension Front and Its Impact on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in the Recent Decades

Poleward Shift of the Kuroshio Extension Front and Its Impact on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in the Recent Decades

Atmospheric Forcing of the Pacific Meridional Mode: Tropical Pacific‐Driven Versus Internal Variability

Fossil Fuel, Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming

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