Synchronized Efficacy and Mechanism of Alkaline Fertilizer and Biocontrol Fungi for Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism of alkaline fertilizer, bio-control fungi, and their synergistic application on control of Fusarium Tr4 incidence. Synchronized use of the alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol fungi eliminates rhizome browning and reduces the incidence rate of banana Fusarium wilt. The incidence of yellow leaves (ratio of yellow leaf to total leaf) and disease index in +Foc Tr4 CF treatment were the same (65%), while incidence of yellow leaves and disease index in +Foc Tr4 AFBCF were 31% and 33%, respectively. Under the stress of Foc Tr4 infection, the synergistic utilization of the alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol fungi would raise the activities of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in banana roots. The root activity of banana was also increased. As a result, the banana height and stem diameter increments, shoot and root dry weight, accumulation of N, P and K in banana plants had been increased. The efficacy of the synergistic application of alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol fungi was not only reducing Foc Tr4 pathogen colonization and distribution in banana plants, but also preventing tylosis formation in vascular vessel effectively. Therefore, the normal transport of water and nutrients between underground and aboveground is ensured.

Disentangling the resistant mechanism of Fusarium wilt TR4 interactions with different cultivars and its elicitor application

“…MYC2, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor; ACC, 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase; ERF1, ethylene response factor 1; NPR1, nonexpressorofpathogenesis-relatedgenes1; PR3, pathogenesis-related 3 genes; PR1, pathogenesis-related 1 genes. (Yadeta and Thomma, 2013;Li et al, 2022). One of the common defense mechanisms produced in xylem vessels is the formation of tyloses (Beckman, 1964;Talboys, 1972;Grimault et al, 1994;Rahman et al, 1999;Fradin and Thomma, 2006;Yadeta and Thomma, 2013).…”

Chitosan induces salicylic acid local and systemically in banana plants and reduces colonization by the pathogenFusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubense TR4

“…and Burkholderia spp and Streptomyces sp. 77,78,79 . Therefore, chitosan alone or in combination with compatible beneficial endophytes can help manage sustainably FocTR4, and perhaps other biotic stresses, in banana.…”

“…Banana genotypes display diverse transcriptomic profiles in reply to a mild osmotic stress 68 . Chitosan causes in Foc Race 1-resistant, Yangambi Km5 77,78,79 . Therefore, chitosan alone or in combination with compatible beneficial endophytes can help manage sustainably FocTR4, and perhaps other biotic stresses, in banana.…”

Biological control and plant growth promotion properties of Streptomyces albidoflavus St-220 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizosphere

“…At 30 days after inoculation (DAI), disease symptoms were observed and evaluated using a severity scale: 0 for no symptoms; 1 was suffered disease symptoms less than 20% (only 1 leaf yellowing or wilting); 2 and 3 were plants suffering from disease symptoms in the range of 20%–40% (more than 2 but less than half of the leaves turn yellow or wither) and 40%–80%, respectively; 4 was Sa. miltiorrhiza showing severe disease symptoms with only the top 1 to 2 leaves being healthy; level 5 was plants that have died ( Li et al, 2022 ). The disease index (DI) was calculated based on the formula where A is the disease scale (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), B is the number of seedlings at each level of the scale, and C is the total number of seedlings for each treatment.…”

“…The disease index (DI) was calculated based on the formula where A is the disease scale (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), B is the number of seedlings at each level of the scale, and C is the total number of seedlings for each treatment. Disease incidence and control efficiency were calculated according to the following formulas: ( Li et al, 2022 ). …”