“…To synchronize the cells in the G0/G1 phase, we used the method of serum deprivation 22) by incubating HGFs in DMEM with only 0.5% FBS for 48 h. To induce the cells to re-enter the cell cycle, we incubated the HGFs for an additional 24 h in fresh DMEM culture medium containing 10% FBS and the IC50 (BEC 1.3×10 -2 mM, BAC 6.0×10 -3 mM, PVD-I 2.6×10 -1 mM) of the three disinfectants that were used for the cell growth assay described above. Both the floating and attached cells were collected using trypsin-EDTA, resuspended in DMEM without FBS, washed with PBS, and fixed in a solution of 70% ice-cold ethanol at -20ºC overnight.…”