Synchronization of Electrical Drives via EtherCAT Fieldbus Communication Modules

Paprocki, Marcin; Erwiński, Krystian

doi:10.3390/en15020604

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They used the synchronized network to secure the digital grayscale images. As the synchronized network is specifically used for distributed systems in recent years [183]- [186], it might not be fit to provide robust security to the digital images, and it can also impact the encryption accuracy.…”

Section: A Hopfield Chaotic Nnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Vulnerabilities in Modern Cryptographic Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey on Cybersecurity in the Domain of Machine/Deep Learning and Quantum Techniques

Mehmood,

Shafique,

Alawida

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In the contemporary landscape, where a huge amount of data plays a vital role, the importance of strong and robust cybersecurity measures has become increasingly paramount. This research proposes a review and extensively explores cybersecurity techniques within the domain of machine/deep learning and quantum techniques, with a particular focus on cryptographic methods and methodologies applied to image encryption. The proposed survey covers a range of cybersecurity techniques, including quantum random number generation, secure transmission of quantum images, watermarking through quantum methods, and quantum steganography. Moreover, it explores the domain of image encryption, which integrates adversarial neural networks, deep learning and machine learning, transformation techniques, and chaotic neural networks that can be used to secure digital data from cyber attacks. Our focus extends beyond highlighting advances in investigating vulnerabilities in existing cryptographic techniques. By identifying the challenges and weaknesses, the potential solutions are also presented, establishing a foundation for future recommendations. These future suggestions address and overcome the vulnerabilities observed in existing cybersecurity techniques. The aim of the extensive survey and analysis of existing cryptographic techniques is to provide a deep understanding of innovative and diverse approaches within the cybersecurity domain. Simultaneously, it aims to create a roadmap for the future to counter potential cyber threats and challenges.

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Section: A Hopfield Chaotic Nnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Vulnerabilities in Modern Cryptographic Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey on Cybersecurity in the Domain of Machine/Deep Learning and Quantum Techniques

Mehmood,

Shafique,

Alawida

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lack of clocks synchronization in LLCs leads to the unsynchronous actuation signals (motor pulse trains) and to the errors in the obtained trajectory as presented in Figure 6. For this reason, several methods for the synchronization of LLCs algorithms execution were developed [29,30,31]. Thus, on the communication links between HLC and LLCs, in addition to deception attacks, DoS attacks if launched properly can lead to undesired consequences.…”

Section: Cybersecurity Challenges In Distributed Motion Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersecurity Issues in Motion Control – An Overview of Challenges

Jakovljević

Nedeljković

2023

2023 10th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering (IcETRAN)

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The fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 brings digitalization of manufacturing processes to a new level through ubiquitous interconnection and real-time information flow between information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT) as parts of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). This information flow is not limited to but expands beyond factory walls enabling manufacturing systems to adapt quickly and efficiently to changing customer demands and diversified products. The adaptation is carried out through physical and/or functional reconfiguration of manufacturing systems where Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) based on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) represents the key technical enabler. These changes result in a transition from centralized to distributed control systems architecture where the whole control task is achieved through intensive cooperation between smart devices (e.g., sensors and actuators) with integrated communication and computation capabilities. However, introducing IIoT in ICS brings about new cybersecurity issues due to increased communication between system elements and connection to the global network, making ICS vulnerable to different cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences. Recently, the research in ICS cybersecurity has intensified leading to significant results for continuous time and discrete events-controlled systems. However, cybersecurity issues in motion control systems that are frequently employed in different manufacturing resources such as machine tools and industrial robots were not sufficiently explored. This work provides an overview of the cybersecurity related challenges in motion control tasks.

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“…The clock synchronization error is mainly caused by the EtherCAT frame transmission delay, EtherCAT slave initial offset, and EtherCAT slave crystal jitter. Ether-CAT provides the DC mechanism to ensure the synchronization error between EtherCAT slaves is less than 1 µs [24][25][26].…”

Section: Clock Synchronization Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Heterogeneous Parallel System Architecture Based EtherCAT Hard Real-Time Master in High Performance Control System

et al. 2022

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EtherCAT is one of the preferred real-time Ethernet technologies. However, EtherCAT is not applicable in high-end control fields due to real-time constraints. Clock synchronization and cycle time are the most representative limitations. In this paper, a novel Heterogeneous Parallel System Architecture (HPSA) with features of parallel computation and hard real-time is presented. An HPSA-based EtherCAT hard real-time master is developed to significantly improve clock synchronization and shorten cycle time. Traditional EtherCAT masters feature serial processing and run on a PC. This HPSA-based master consists of two parts: EtherCAT master stack (EMS) and EtherCAT operating system (EOS). EMS implements the parallel operation of EtherCAT to realize the shorter cycle time, and EOS brings a hard real-time environment to the HPSA-based master to improve clock synchronization. Furthermore, this HPSA-based master operates on a heterogeneous System-on-a-chip (SoC). EMS and EOS form a heterogeneous architecture inside this SoC to achieve low-latency process scheduling. Experimental results show that in our HPSA-based EtherCAT hard real-time master, the cycle time reaches the sub-50 μs range, and the synchronization error reduces to several nanoseconds. Thus, this HPSA-based master has great application value in high-performance control systems.

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Synchronization of Electrical Drives via EtherCAT Fieldbus Communication Modules

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Advances and Vulnerabilities in Modern Cryptographic Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey on Cybersecurity in the Domain of Machine/Deep Learning and Quantum Techniques

Advances and Vulnerabilities in Modern Cryptographic Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey on Cybersecurity in the Domain of Machine/Deep Learning and Quantum Techniques

Cybersecurity Issues in Motion Control – An Overview of Challenges

A Novel Heterogeneous Parallel System Architecture Based EtherCAT Hard Real-Time Master in High Performance Control System

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