“…8 Many control techniques have been presented for the synchronization purpose of fractional-order systems, for instance, active control, feedback control, fuzzy control, fractional PID control, sliding mode control (SMC), and Laplace transformation theory. 9 Nevertheless, in the most studied research works, the influences of the external disturbances and modeling inexactitudes have been ignored, which cannot be avoided in the practical applications. The SMC approach is recognized as an effective tool to design robust control laws for complex high-order nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertain conditions.…”