Synchronization models for multimedia presentation with user participation

Prabhakaran, Balakrishnan; Raghavan, S. V.

doi:10.1145/166266.166284

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The related research issues include data retrieval [15], delivery of media objects over a network [3,4,8,9,12,29,30], and temporal reasoning and media synchronization [1,25,27,33,36,37]. Also, multimedia authoring and presentation schedule creation have been studied by many researchers [2,6,16,17,19,20,21,24,26,34,38]. Similarly, derivation of retrieval schedules for distributed multimedia presentation has also been studied in many works, such as [17,19,28,29,30,31,35].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval schedules based on resource availability and flexible presentation specifications

1998

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A distributed multimedia document presentation involves retrieval of objects from one or more document servers and their presentation at the client system. The presentation of the multimedia objects has to be carried out in accordance with the specification of temporal relationships between the objects. The retrieval of multimedia objects from the document server(s) is influenced by factors such as temporal specification of objects presentations, throughput offered by the network service provider, and the buffer resources on the client system. Flexibility in the temporal specification of the multimedia document may help in deriving an object retrieval schedule that can handle variations in network throughput and buffer resource availability. In this paper, we develop techniques for deriving a flexible object retrieval schedule for a distributed multimedia document presentation. The schedule is based on flexible temporal specification of the multimedia document using the difference constraints approach. We show how the derived retrieval schedule can be validated and modified to ensure that it can work with the offered network throughput and the available buffer resources.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval schedules based on resource availability and flexible presentation specifications

1998

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“…Some models, control architectures, and control schemes for processing user interactions have been proposed [4,6,16,17,22,24], which are for either the centralized environment or the distributed environment. Eun et al applied the calculus of communicating systems (CCS) model to have a synchronization specification system that focuses on describing the temporal and spatial synchronization issues and user interactions [4].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since (i) a multimedia presentation can contain text, graphics, image, audio, and video media that associate with different presentation properties, and (ii) user interactions can be issued randomly and unpredictably, a suitable control architecture and the corresponding control scheme should be derived to process user interactions. The control architecture and the corresponding control scheme should (1) control both intra-medium synchronization and inter-media synchronization to have smooth multimedia presentations [3,8,10,15,19,25,27], and (2) accept user interactions and resolve related issues that result from processing user interactions [4,6,16,17,22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MING-I: a distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism

et al. 1998

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The next generation of interactive multimedia documents can contain both static media, e.g., text, graph, image, and continuous media, e.g., audio and video, and can provide user interactions in distributed environments. However, the temporal information of multimedia documents cannot be described using traditional document structures, e.g., Open Document Architecture (ODA) and Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML); the continuous transmission of media units also raises some new synchronization problems, which have not been met before, for processing user interactions. Thus, developing a distributed interactive multimedia document system should resolve the issues of document model, presentation control architecture, and control scheme. In this paper, we (i) propose a new multimedia document model that contains the logical structure, the layout structure, and the temporal structure to formally describe multimedia documents, and (ii) point out main interaction-based synchronization problems, and propose a control architecture and a token-based control scheme to solve these interaction-based synchronization problems. Based on the proposed document model, control architecture, and control scheme, a distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism, which is called MING-I, is developed on SUN workstations.

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“…Related work in multimedia synchronization which allows user interventions includes Little (1993), Lu et al (1994), Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994). Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994) focused on the temporal specification, and Little (1993) and Lu et al (1994) considered temporal synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994) focused on the temporal specification, and Little (1993) and Lu et al (1994) considered temporal synchronization. Prabhakara and Raghavan (1994) extended the timed Petri net model to embed user participations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization of distributed multimedia systems with user interactions

Liao

1998

Multimedia Systems

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Without user interactions, multimedia presentations are just fancy slide shows with sound and video supports. User interactions by themselves do not change the temporal relationships among multimedia objects, such as texts, graphics, images, audio, and video, but affect the playback schedules. In this paper, we propose a synchronization mechanism to guarantee the quality of multimedia presentation with user interactions. In our protocol, each presentation site requests media transmission from the required media servers at certain time intervals prior to the playback deadlines, where these time intervals are the response times to cover possible experienced end-to-end delays and packet losses, and waits for an initial setup time to ensure intermedia synchronization before starting the presentation. Users may interact with the presentation. This synchronization mechanism solves the problems incurred by user interactions by determining the new presentation scenario produced by the interactive operation, calculating the corresponding setup time, and then rendering the new playback and retrieval schedules.

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Synchronization models for multimedia presentation with user participation

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Retrieval schedules based on resource availability and flexible presentation specifications

Retrieval schedules based on resource availability and flexible presentation specifications

MING-I: a distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism

Synchronization of distributed multimedia systems with user interactions

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