Synchronised disturbances in spruce- and beech-dominated forests across the largest primary mountain forest landscape in temperate Europe

Vostarek, Ondřej; Mikoláš, Martin; Svitok, Marek; Frankovič, Michal; Morrissey, Robert C.; Kozak, D. B.; Nagel, Thomas A.; Dušátko, Martin; Pavlin, Jakob; Ferenčík, Matej; Keeton, William S.; Spînu, Andreea Petronela; Petriţan, Ion Cătălin; Majdanová, Linda; Markuljaková, Katarína; Roibu, Cătălin-Constantin; Gloor, Rhiannon; Bače, Radek; Buechling, Arne; Synek, Michal; Rydval, Miloš; Málek, Jakub; Begović, Krešimír; Hofmeister, Jeňýk; Rodrigo, Ruffy; Pettit, Joseph L.; Fodor, Ecaterina; Janda, Pavel; Svoboda, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120906

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…(Pinales: Pinaceae), which may eventually lead to the regional loss of this economically important tree species in Central Europe (Hlásny et al ., 2021; Netherer & Hammerbacher, 2022). Well adapted to cool and wet climatic conditions, P. abies is a dominant tree species of montane, nemoral and boreal forest ecosystems (Clear et al ., 2015; Kameniar et al ., 2023). Owing to its excellent wood quality, spruce has also been planted extensively outside its natural range (Seidl et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi

Netherer,

Lehmanski,

Bachlehner

et al. 2024

New Phytologist

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Summary Drought affects the complex interactions between Norway spruce, the bark beetle Ips typographus and associated microorganisms. We investigated the interplay of tree water status, defense and carbohydrate reserves with the incidence of bark beetle attack and infection of associated fungi in mature spruce trees. We installed roofs to induce a 2‐yr moderate drought in a managed spruce stand to examine a maximum of 10 roof and 10 control trees for resin flow (RF), predawn twig water potentials, terpene, phenolic and carbohydrate bark concentrations, and bark beetle borings in field bioassays before and after inoculation with Endoconidiophora polonica and Grosmannia penicillata. Drought‐stressed trees showed more attacks and significantly longer fungal lesions than controls, but maintained terpene resin defenses at predrought levels. Reduced RF and lower mono‐ and diterpene, but not phenolic concentrations were linked with increased host selection. Bark beetle attack and fungi stimulated chemical defenses, yet G. penicillata reduced phenolic and carbohydrate contents. Chemical defenses did not decrease under mild, prolonged drought in our simulated small‐scale biotic infestations. However, during natural mass attacks, reductions in carbon fixation under drought, in combination with fungal consumption of carbohydrates, may deplete tree defenses and facilitate colonization by I. typographus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi

Netherer,

Lehmanski,

Bachlehner

et al. 2024

New Phytologist

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Same, but different: similar states of forest structure in temperate mountain regions of Europe despite different social-ecological forest disturbance regimes

Stritih,

Senf,

Kuemmerle

et al. 2024

Landsc Ecol

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Context Ecosystem services provided by mountain forests are critically linked to forest structure. Social-ecological disturbance regimes (i.e., the rate, frequency, and patch size distribution of disturbances driven by interacting natural and anthropogenic processes) and land use affect forest structure, but their specific impacts are not fully understood. Objectives We examine how differences in disturbance regimes affect patterns of forest structure across three European mountain ranges with similar vegetation types but different land-use histories: the European Alps, the Carpathians, and the Caucasus. Methods We related data on horizontal and vertical forest structure, measured by spaceborne lidar (GEDI), with Landsat-derived information on forest disturbances (1986–2020) and topographic, climatic, and anthropogenic predictors. Results We found similar social-ecological disturbance regimes in the Alps and Carpathians (average annual disturbance rates of 0.34% and 0.39%, respectively, and median patch size < 0.5 ha), yet much lower disturbance rates and patch sizes in the Caucasus (0.08% yr−1 and < 0.2 ha). Despite different disturbance regimes, we found similar patterns of forest structure. Two alternative states emerged consistently across all mountain ranges: a tall and closed-canopy state in 74–80% of forests and a low and open-canopy state (< 50% canopy cover) in the rest. While forest structure responded consistently to abiotic drivers such as topography and climate, its association with anthropogenic pressures differed between mountain ranges. Stand-replacing disturbances played an important role in the Carpathians, while forest structure in the Caucasus was related to proximity to settlements, reflecting local forest use. Conclusions Different social-ecological contexts in mountain regions can produce markedly different forest disturbance regimes. Despite these differences, similar states of forest structures emerge, suggesting strong attractors of structure in temperate mountain forests.

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

Błońska,

Górski,

Lasota

2024

Forest Ecosystems

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Synchronised disturbances in spruce- and beech-dominated forests across the largest primary mountain forest landscape in temperate Europe

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi

Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi

Same, but different: similar states of forest structure in temperate mountain regions of Europe despite different social-ecological forest disturbance regimes

The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

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