Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic Schizophyllum commune derived β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan and probiotic concoction benefits gut microbiota and its associated metabolic activities

Abstract

Synbiotics synergistically favors beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics towards host metabolic health by modulating gut ecosystem. In this study, we sought to examine the effects of prebiotics (Schizophyllum commune derived β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan), probiotics (concoction made of eight different bacterial strains) and synbiotics (prebiotics + probiotics) on gut microbiota and its associated metabolic functions through 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. Results showed that probiotics strains used in this study were detected more in the synbiotic and probiotic treatments, while prebiotic dietary intervention increased the total bacterial abundance and metabolisms related to host immune strengthening. Probiotics and synbiotics dietary interventions enhanced similar metabolisms relating to butanediol and s-adenosyl-l-methionine biosynthesis. Probiotics treatment also showed depleted metabolic activities related to SCFA productions, that were not depleted in prebiotics treatment. With varying differential abundance patterns and metabolic activities across the treatments, our results suggest that synbiotic treatment provide more beneficial effects over probiotics and prebiotics.

Butyrate producers, “The Sentinel of Gut”: Their intestinal significance with and beyond butyrate, and prospective use as microbial therapeutics

“…Other than prebiotics, synbiotic treatments can also be administered to promote butyrate production in the gut ( Gurry, 2017 ). Synbiotics contain a combination of prebiotics and probiotics, and their synergistic effects are more prominent than those of prebiotics and probiotics used individually ( Singh et al, 2021 ). Synbiotic treatment with Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 and L-Alanyl-L-glutamine improved butyrate levels and enhanced the major butyrate producers such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , both in vitro and in humans ( tom Dieck et al, 2022 ).…”

The modulatory effect of encapsulated bioactives and probiotics on gut microbiota: improving health status through functional food

“…The above has been proved with some studies like the one carried out by Singh et al , 75 who not only evaluated the effect of probiotics but also that of prebiotics and synbiotics. In this research, they found that while the probiotic modulated the microbial community, it did not increase the metabolic production of SCFAs – on the contrary, it showed depleted metabolic activity in this regard – whereas in the treatments with prebiotics and synbiotics, the metabolic activity was not depleted.…”

“…This treatment also increased the abundance of the bacterial genera Butyricimonas and Bifidobacterium. 31 75 Supplementing the diet with probiotics will lead to an increase in the counts of probiotic microorganisms in the gut microbiota, as shown by several studies. [67][68][69][70][71] However, it is important to note that probiotics alone cannot modulate the production of microbial metabolites.…”

“…31 Similar results were obtained by Singh et al in a study where old general-purpose mice were treated with Schizophyllum commune ; this treatment significantly increased Bifidobacterium , Streptococcus , Lactobacillus , and unclassified species of the family Porphyromonadaceae, while decreasing diverse unclassified members of Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae. 75…”

Evaluation of Prebiotics through an In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Fecal Fermentation Experiment: Further Idea on the Implementation of Machine Learning Technique

“…For example, arabinogalactan consists of a galactan backbone with galactose and arabinose side chains, and both SCH and Lami are β-1,3 beta-glucans with β-1,6 branching, with the degree of branching being higher in the case of SCH [ 33 ]. In addition, the molecular weight of SCH is about 1.78 × 10 6 Da) [ 34 ], which was higher than other prebiotics tested. On the other hand, these low productions of SCFAs could have been due to intrinsic limitations of the in vitro analysis, where all of the enzymatic reactions were performed in a shaker to mimic peristalsis.…”