Synbiotic (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus GSSK2 and isomalto-oligosaccharides) supplementation modulates pathophysiology and gut dysbiosis in experimental metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome a lifestyle disease, where diet and gut microbiota play a prodigious role in its initiation and progression. Prophylactic bio-interventions employing probiotics and prebiotics offer an alternate nutritional approach towards attenuating its progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of a novel synbiotic (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus GSSK2 + isomalto-oligosaccharides) in comparison to orlistat in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. It was observed that supplementation of synbiotic for 12 weeks to Sprague Dawley rats fed with high fat diet (HFD), ameliorated the morphometric parameters i.e. weight gain, abdominal circumference, Lee’s index, BMI and visceral fat deposition along with significantly increased fecal Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio, elevated population of Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia spp. and decreased Enterobacteriaceae compared with HFD animals. Additionally, synbiotic administration to HFD animals exhibited improved glucose clearance, lipid biomarkers, alleviated oxidative stress, prevented leaky gut phenotype, reduced serum lipopolysaccharides and modulated the inflammatory, lipid and glucose metabolism genes along with restored histomorphology of adipose tissue, colon and liver compared with HFD animals. Taken together, the study highlights the protective potential of synbiotic in comparison with its individual components in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic complications.

Total Sesquiterpenoids of Loquat Leaves Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Targeting Fecal Metabolic Profiling and Gut Microbiota Composition

“…Modulation of fatty acid oxidation in HFDinduced metabolic diseases (obesity, T2DM) may be attributed to a reconstruction of gut microbiota composition, via regulating secretion of gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (belonging to incretin system, responding to food intake by promoting insulin secretion). 62,63 Disturbance of gut microbiota composition, such as the increased F/B ratio and decreased gut Lactobacillus abundance, could induce metabolic syndrome, 64 which was observed in this work as well. TSs administration altered intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, resulting in the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation, which was manifested by increased palmitoylcarnitine content.…”

Lactobacillus fermentum CKCC1858 alleviates hyperlipidemia in golden hamsters on a high-fat diet via modulating gut microbiota

“…Similarly, it has been shown that probiotic intervention in HFD-fed rats resulted in reduced serum ALT and AST levels, as well as reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6. 27 Numerous studies have shown that probiotics improve the clinical outcome of HFD patients by influencing host gut microbiota. As a result, we performed a shotgun metagenomic role in regulating the immunity and metabolism of the body.…”

“…Similarly, it has been shown that probiotic intervention in HFD-fed rats resulted in reduced serum ALT and AST levels, as well as reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6. 27…”

Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome

“…Further, dysbiosis itself can increase the intestinal CD36 receptor expression and induce lipogenesis through long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs) absorption, directly linked to abnormal circulatory metabolites, metabolic endotoxemia, and low‐grade systemic inflammation (Figure 2). 114,120,121 To boost gut immunity and manage inflammatory diseases, different probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements are currently being used and these have significant benefits for MetS 122,123 . Thus, modulation of diets, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, alternative medicine, and exercise may restore the tissue microenvironment in the stomach, particularly by restoring epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity, which may slow down tissue inflammation, ultimately improving MetS.…”

“…114,120,121 To boost gut immunity and manage inflammatory diseases, different probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements are currently being used and these have significant benefits for MetS. 122,123 Thus, modulation of diets, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, alternative medicine, and exercise may restore the tissue microenvironment in the stomach, particularly by restoring epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity, which may slow down tissue inflammation, ultimately improving MetS.…”