Synaptology of α-motoneurons in the chicken spinal cord

Atsumi, Saoko; Ohsato, Katsunobu

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(84)90006-3

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4, 5). Although the reaction of retrogradely transported HRP granules was weak because of the high concentration of glutaraldehyde which inhibited HRP activity, morphological features of the granule were identical with those of the previous report [3].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Glycine-Containing Axon Terminals on Large Ventral Horn Cells Including Identified .ALPHA.-Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord of the Chicken.

Yang

Sakamoto

Atsumi

1997

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Glycine-Containing Axon Terminals on Large Ventral Horn Cells Including Identified .ALPHA.-Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord of the Chicken.

Yang

Sakamoto

Atsumi

1997

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…After 18 -24 h, each chicken was perfused through the heart with 1% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The detailed procedures for HRP injection and perfusion fixation were described previously (Atsumi & Ohsato, 1984). In another experiment, two chickens, which were not injected with HRP into the muscle, were perfused A few transverse semithin (0.5-1 µ m) sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and examined with a light microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the initial axon segment of the spinal motor axon: fasciculated microtubules and polyribosomal clusters

Li¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

et al. 2005

Journal of Anatomy

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Dense undercoating, microtubular fascicles and scattered polyribosomal clusters have until now been considered to be the three structural features of the initial segment, and were thought not to extend beyond the initial segment into the myelinated parts of the axon. The aim of the present study was to make clear whether there is a sudden change in morphology between the unmyelinated and myelinated part. We followed spinal motor axons from the initial segment to the first internode by conventional electron microscopy and serial sectioning, and found that the microtubular fascicles and polyribosomal clusters do exist in the internodal axoplasm. The fasciculated microtubules were observed mainly in the first paranode. The polyribosomal clusters were found along the course of the first internode at a random distance, however, they occurred mainly in the proximal part of the first internode. The proportion of sections in which ribosomes were found, i.e. the incidence of ribosomes, in the first 30-µ m-long portion was 71 ± 24% (mean ± SD, n = 4), and significantly different from that in the second 30-µ m-long portion (3.2 ± 1.3%) (mean ± SD, n = 4) ( P < 0.005). The more distal part of the first internode was not investigated.

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“…and perfused through the heart using 4% paraformaldehyde alone or 4% paraformaldehyde plus 0.1% glutaraldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4. The detailed methods of perfusion fixation have been described previously (Atsumi & Ohsato, 1984). The lumbosacral enlargement was removed immediately from the spinal cord and 50 µm sections were cut using a microslicer.…”

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclo-oxygenase-2-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn in a chicken acute inflammation model

et al. 2006

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Acute and chronic peripheral inflammation is known to induce the expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 in spinal cord neurons and increase the synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PG). Although these PG are presumed to cause inflammatory pain or hyperalgesia, the relationship between PG-producing cells in the dorsal horn and substance P (SP)-containing, pain-transmittimg nerve fibers remains unknown. In the present study we investigated immunohistochemically changes in the number of COX-2-containing neurons using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method in dorsal horn superficial laminae in chicken lumbosacral enlargement (L4, L5) under inflammatory conditions induced by unilateral intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. After 12-24 h, a significant increase in the number of small COX-2-containing neurons was observed in lamina II on the injected side compared with the contralateral side. Furthermore, using fluorescent double-labeling for COX-2 and SP, an increase in the number of small COX-2-containing neurons in contact with SP-containing elements was observed ipsilaterally (1.4-1.6-fold compared with the contralateral side) in lamina II. Fluorescence triple-labeling of COX-2, SP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) confirmed that the majority of these SP-containing elements coexisted with CGRP, indicating that these elements originated from primary afferent neurons. Using electron microscopy, two types of SP-containing axon terminals were found to form synapses with COX-2-containing neurons in lamina II. These results indicate that the number of COX-2-containing neurons increases concomitantly with an increase in the number of contacts of these neurons with SP-containing primary afferent fibers and suggest that this phenomenon is associated with PG production and the persistence of inflammatory pain.

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Synaptology of α-motoneurons in the chicken spinal cord

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Glycine-Containing Axon Terminals on Large Ventral Horn Cells Including Identified .ALPHA.-Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord of the Chicken.

Glycine-Containing Axon Terminals on Large Ventral Horn Cells Including Identified .ALPHA.-Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord of the Chicken.

Beyond the initial axon segment of the spinal motor axon: fasciculated microtubules and polyribosomal clusters

Cyclo-oxygenase-2-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn in a chicken acute inflammation model

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