Synaptic Vesicles Studied by SAXS: Derivation and Validation of a Model Form Factor

Castorph, Simon; Arleth, Lise; Sztucki, Michael; Vainio, Ulla; Ghosh, Sajal K.; Holt, Matthew G.; Jahn, Reinhard; Salditt, Tim

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/247/1/012015

Cited by 12 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The transport of the neurotransmitter, the fusion at the synaptic membrane, and the release of the stored neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft are since long known as an essential step in nerve conduction of the chemical synapse [1][2][3]. A detailed structural view of these molecular mechanisms is still lacking, notwithstanding the enormous progress in the field during recent years [4][5][6][7]. For example, it is now known that proteins cluster and form micro-domains on the SV membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic vesicles studied by dynamic light scattering

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The size polydispersity distribution of synaptic vesicles (SVs) is characterized under quasiphysiological conditions by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Highly purified fractions of SVs obtained from rat brain still contain a small amount of larger contaminant structures, which can be quantified by DLS and further reduced by asymmetric-flow field-flow (AFFF) fractionation. The intensity autocorrelation functions g 2(τ ) recorded from these samples are analyzed by a constrained regularization method as well as by an alternative direct modeling approach. The results are in quantitative agreement with the polydispersity obtained from cryogenic electron microscopy of vitrified SVs. Next, different vesicle fusion assays based on samples composed of SVs and small unilamellar proteoliposomes with the fusion proteins syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25A are characterized by DLS. The size increase of the proteoliposomes due to SNARE-dependent fusion with SVs is quantified by DLS under quasi-physiological conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic vesicles studied by dynamic light scattering

et al. 2011

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“…Subsequently, the form factors are least-squares fitted to SAXS curves (15,17). All investigated isotropic form factors are falsified (15,17). Two anisotropic form factors are presented which are in excellent agreement with SAXS data, cryo-EM observations, biochemical data and DLS data (15,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Chapter 3 presents results of synchrotron-based small-angle x-ray scattering measurements under quasi-physiological conditions from dispersed SVs isolated from rat brain (15,17). Aggregation and strong interaction potentials between SVs are excluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chapter 4 discusses different model independent and model dependent approaches to model SAXS curves. Different isotropic and anisotropic SV models are developed and corresponding scattering form factors are calculated (15,17). Subsequently, the form factors are least-squares fitted to SAXS curves (15,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different isotropic and anisotropic SV models are developed and corresponding scattering form factors are calculated (15,17). Subsequently, the form factors are least-squares fitted to SAXS curves (15,17). All investigated isotropic form factors are falsified (15,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synaptic vesicles studied by small-angle x-ray scattering

Castorph¹

2012

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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Cholesterol‐Containing Liposomes Decorated With Au Nanoparticles as Minimal Tunable Fusion Machinery

Canepa

Bochicchio

Brosio

et al. 2023

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Membrane fusion is essential for the basal functionality of eukaryotic cells. In physiological conditions, fusion events are regulated by a wide range of specialized proteins, operating with finely tuned local lipid composition and ionic environment. Fusogenic proteins, assisted by membrane cholesterol and calcium ions, provide the mechanical energy necessary to achieve vesicle fusion in neuromediator release. Similar cooperative effects must be explored when considering synthetic approaches for controlled membrane fusion. We show that liposomes decorated with amphiphilic Au nanoparticles (AuLips) can act as minimal tunable fusion machinery. AuLips fusion is triggered by divalent ions, while the number of fusion events dramatically changes with, and can be finely tuned by, the liposome cholesterol content. We combine quartz‐crystal‐microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D), fluorescence assays, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) with molecular dynamics (MD) at coarse‐grained (CG) resolution, revealing new mechanistic details on the fusogenic activity of amphiphilic Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and demonstrating the ability of these synthetic nanomaterials to induce fusion regardless of the divalent ion used (Ca2+ or Mg2+). The results provide a novel contribution to developing new artificial fusogenic agents for next‐generation biomedical applications that require tight control of the rate of fusion events (e.g., targeted drug delivery).

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Synaptic Vesicles Studied by SAXS: Derivation and Validation of a Model Form Factor

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Synaptic vesicles studied by dynamic light scattering

Synaptic vesicles studied by dynamic light scattering

Synaptic vesicles studied by small-angle x-ray scattering

Cholesterol‐Containing Liposomes Decorated With Au Nanoparticles as Minimal Tunable Fusion Machinery

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